DEFINITION OF TERMS

LEARNING any relatively permanent

change in behavior that occur as a result of
practice and experience.
THINKING the mental manipulation and
combination of images in which symbols,
objects and events are used. It is also the
mental processing of the information the mind
perceive, organizes, remembers and uses.
 DEFINITION OF TERMS
PROBLEM-SOLVING mental process
that involves discovering, analyzing and
solving problems.
INTELLIGENCE the ability or capacity to
learn from experience, solve problems and
use knowledge to adopt to new experiences.
 Types of

Concept Learning
Discrimination Learning
Motor Learning
Verbal Learning
 Theories of

Trial and Error Learning Theory

Classical Conditioning Theory
Operant Conditioning
Selective Learning Theory
Cognitive Learning Theory
 Laws of

Law of readiness
Law of exercise
Law of effect
 Factors affecting

Motivation * Reinforcement
Extinction * Association
Interest * Reward
Recency
 THINKING
A. AUTISTIC / FREE FLOATING THINKING
1. Fantasy
2. Dreaming
3. Imagination
4. Reverie
B. CONTROLLED / DIRECTED THINKING
1. Reasoning
a. Inductive particular to universal politicians are
selfish after seeing many politicians.
b. Deductive universal to particular actresses are
beautiful so the actress I see must be beautiful too.
2. Directed Thinking
3. Associative Thinking
 STEPS IN

1. Identifying the problem

2. Forming a strategy
3. Gathering and Organizing Information
4. Allocating Resources
5. Monitoring Progress
6. Evaluating the Results
 STRATEGIES
1. Algorithms
2. Heuristics
3. Trial-and-error
4. Information retrieval
 OBSTACLES IN

1. Functional Fixedness
2. Irrelevant or Misleading
Information
3. Assumptions
4. Mind sets
 AIDS IN

1. Establish expertise
2. Develop insights
THEORIES OF
1. Two-Factor Theory of Intelligence
2. Theory of Primary Mental Abilities
3. Theory of Multiple Abilities
4. Theory of Hierarchy of Mental Abilities
5. Neuropsychological Theory of Intelligence
6. Fluid and Crystallized Theory of Intelligence.
7. Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
8. Galtons Theory of General Intelligence
9. Weschlers Theory of Intelligence
 Several Uses of IQ
1. It can be used by schools for admission purposes.
2. To classify pupils/students
3. For job hiring and placement
4. Determining scholarship grantees
5. Basis for education and career guidance
6. Determine special children fro their special
education needs
7. To diagnose learning difficulties
8. Predict occupational success
 Causes of Mental Retardation

1. Genetic Factors
2. Brain damage
3. Socio-cultural factors
4. Prenatal factors
Yourbasal metabolic rate(BMR)isdefinedasthe
rateatwhichyourbodyusesenergywhenyouare
restinginordertokeepvitalfunctionsgoingsuchas
breathing.Therateatwhichyourbodyusesenergyto
breathandstaywarmisanexampleofyourbasal
metabolic rate.
HYDROCEPHALY
 GARGOYLISM

GARGOYLISM is
a congenital abnormality characterized chiefly by dwarfism,
grotesque deformities of the head, trunk, and limbs, mental
retardation, and enlargement of the liver and spleen.
DOWN SYNDROME OR MONGOLISM
 Factors Affecting Intelligence

1. Heredity
2. Environment
3. Sex
4. Race and culture
5. Training
6. Socio-economic status
7. Health