OTA105105 OptiX OSN series Networking and

Application

ISSUE 1.0

Confidential Information of Huawei.

No Spreading without Permission.

1
 Objectives

On completion of this course, the

participants will be able to:
Understand the basic SDH networks
and basic SDH network elements
Understand the common survivable
networks and synchronization
Understand the orderwire and ECC
networking application

Internal Use 2
 Chapter1 Common SDH Network Topologies

Chapter2 Common Network Elements

Chapter3 Introduction to SDH Network Protection

Chapter4 Synchronization of SDH Networks

Chapter5 Orderwire Application

Chapter6 ECC Networking Application

Internal Use 3
 Network Topologies

Whatdoes a Network Topology consists of?

Network Elements
Transmission Lines

Importance of Network Topology

Availability of Channels
Reliability of Network
Efficiency of Network

Internal Use 4
 Common SDH Network Topologies

Types of Common SDH Network Topologies

Chain Network
Star Network
Tree Network
Ring Network
Mesh Network

Internal Use 5
 Chain Network

A B C D E

Advantages of chain network:

Cheap to build
Easy to operate, administrate and maintain
Disadvantages of chain network:
Services are difficult to protect
Applications of chain network
Railway Lines
Power Supply Lines

Internal Use 6
 Ring Network

Advantages of ring network:

B E
Highly-reliable
Highly-survivable
Disadvantages of ring network:
Complicated C D
Applications of ring network:
Widely used
The most common network of modern SDH system

Internal Use 7
 Mesh Network
A

B D
E
Advantages of mesh network:
No bottle neck C
Very reliable
Disadvantages of mesh network:
Expensive
Complicated
Difficult to manage
Applications of mesh network:
Regions with large traffic
High hierarchy communication networks
Internal Use 8
 Questions

What are the features of a ring network?

Where is the mesh network used?

Internal Use 9
 Summary

Ring network is very reliable

Summary Line is cheap, but its difficult to protect the

traffic

Mesh, the most reliable one, and the most

expensive. Usually, its used for the national
backbone systems.

Internal Use 10
 Chapter1 Common SDH Network Topologies

Chapter2 Common Network Elements

Chapter3 Introduction to SDH Network Protection

Chapter4 Synchronization of SDH Networks

Chapter5 Orderwire Application

Chapter6 ECC Networking Application

Internal Use 11
 Common Network Elements

Terminal Multiplexer (TM)

Add/Drop Multiplexer (ADM)

MADM

REG

Internal Use 12
 TM

STM-16/64

Low-rate SDH signal

Internal Use 13
 TM

Applications:
Point-to-point Network TM TM
Chain Network
Ring-chain Combination

TM ADM TM

ADM

ADM ADM TM

ADM

Internal Use 14
 Common Network Elements

Terminal Multiplexer (TM)

Add/Drop Multiplexer (ADM)

MADM

REG

Internal Use 15
 ADM

STM-16/64 STM-16/64

Low -rate SDH

Internal Use 16
 ADM

Applications: TM ADM ADM TM

Chain Network
Ring Network
Hub Network ADM

ADM ADM

ADM
TM TM

ADM

TM TM

Internal Use 17
 Common Network Elements

Terminal Multiplexer (TM)

Add/Drop Multiplexer (ADM)

MADM

REG

Internal Use 18
 MADM

Internal Use 19
 Common Network Elements

Terminal Multiplexer (TM)

Add/Drop Multiplexer (ADM)

MADM

REG

Internal Use 20
 REG

STM-16/64 STM-16/64

Internal Use 21
 Choosing the NE Type

How to choose the NE type:

Location of NE in ring or point to point
Traffic being added and dropped
Network management

Internal Use 22
 Summary

The SDH equipment have three NE types: TM,

Summary ADM and MADM.
TM is used at the end stations.
ADM is used at the intermediate stations.
MADM is a multi-ADM NE, functioning as core
unit for constructing various networks.

Internal Use 23
 Chapter1 Common SDH Network Topologies

Chapter2 Common Network Elements

Chapter3 Introduction to SDH Network Protection

Chapter4 Synchronization of SDH Networks

Chapter5 Orderwire Application

Chapter6 ECC Networking Application

Internal Use 24
 Introduction to SDH Network Protection

Basic Concepts

Types of Survivable Network

Linear MS Protection

Protection Rings

SubNetwork Connection Protection

Internal Use 25
 Basic Concepts

Survivable Network
A network that is capable of restoring traffic in the
event of a failure.
Automatically restore services
Within very short time (50ms)
Without manual intervention

Internal Use 26
 Basic Concepts

Bidirectional Traffic
Traffic flow direction along the ring
Clockwise or counter-clockwise

The traffic shares the same

equipment and link

Internal Use a) Uniformly routed 27

 The traffic shares the same

Basic Concepts equipment and link

Unidirectional Traffic
Traffic flow direction along the ring
a) Uniformly routed
Clockwise and counter-clockwise

The traffic is on
different equipment
and links

T1516670-94

b) Diversely routed
Internal Use 28
 Introduction to SDH Network Protection

Basic Concepts

Types of Survivable Network

Linear MS Protection

Protection Rings

SubNetwork Connection Protection

Comparison of the Network Protection

Internal Use 29
 Types of Survivable Networks

Linear Multiplex Section Protection:

1+1 Linear MS Protection
1:N Linear MS Protection
Protection Rings
2-fiber Bidirectional Multiplex Section Shared
Protection Ring
2-fiber Unidirectional Multiplex Section Dedicated
Protection Ring
4-fiber Bidirectional Multiplex Section Shared
Protection Ring
SubNetwork Connection Protection

Internal Use 30
 Introduction to SDH Network Protection

Basic Concepts

Types of Survivable Network

Linear MS Protection

Protection Rings

SubNetwork Connection Protection

Internal Use 31
 1+1 Linear MS Protection

Structure of 1+1 Linear MS Protection System:

Working

Double Double
TM TM

Protection

Internal Use 32
 1+1 Linear MS Protection

Protection mechanism of 1+1linear MS protection system:

Concurrent sending permanent bridging
Selective receiving switching

A B

Internal Use 33
 1+1 Linear MS Protection

Switching modes of 1+1 linear MS protection system:

Unidirectional switching or Bidirectional switching
Revertible mode or Non-revertible mode
As a result:
Unidirectional switching in revertible mode
Unidirectional switching in non-revertible mode
Bidirectional switching in revertible mode
Bidirectional switching in non-revertible mode
APS protocol necessity
Unnecessary for unidirectional switching in non-
revertible mode
Necessary for other modes

Internal Use 34
 1:N Linear MS Protection

1:N Linear MS Protection

A B
Protection section (Transmit)
Protection section (Receive)

Working section 1(Transmit)

Working section 1(Receive)

Working section 2(Transmit)

Working section 2(Receive)

Working section N(Transmit)

Working section N(Receive)

Bridging Selector Selector Bridging

Internal Use 35
 1:1 Linear MS Protection

Protection mechanism of 1:1 linear MS protection system:

Normal traffic flow

Working

Protection

Internal Use 36
 1:1 Linear MS Protection

Protection mechanism of 1:1 linear MS protection system:

Traffic flow during protection switching

Working
switch
switch

Protection
TU traffic TU traffic

Internal Use 37
 1:N Linear MS Protection

Switching modes of 1:N linear MS protection system:

Bidirectional switching, Revertible mode
APS protocol necessity
Necessary

Internal Use 38
 Linear MS Protection

Features
Based on TM
Switch within point to point
Dual slots are not necessary
After configuration 2 minutes, MS protocol is started automatically
External commands
FS
WS
EXER
Locked

Internal Use 39
 Summary

Protection switching criteria are SF and SD

SF (Signal Fail) includes RLOS, RLOF, MS-
AIS, etc.
Summary
SD (Signal Degrade) includes B2-SD
APS Necessity
Those requiring the APS protocol, but
unidirectional 1+1 linear MS protection

Internal Use 40
 Summary

Network Capacity
Summary NSTM-N for 1:N linear MS protection without
extra traffic or (1+N) STM-N with extra traffic
STM-N for 1+1 linear MS protection
regardless of the switching modes

Internal Use 41
 Questions

Which one has the fastest switching speed?

Which one can carry extra traffic?

Internal Use 42
 Introduction to SDH Network Protection

Basic Concepts

Types of Survivable Network

Linear MS Protection

MSP Rings

SubNetwork Connection Protection

Internal Use 43
 What Protection Rings Can We Have

MSP Rings
Two-fiber bidirectional multiplex section protection ring
Four-fiber bidirectional multiplex section protection ring

Internal Use 44
 2f-bi MSP Ring
Traffic flow when network is normal:
Working channels: 1~N/2 VC4
Protection channels: N/2+1~N VC4

16 VC4s
8 Working S1
8 Protection P2 NE A

S1 P2
S2 P1

16 VC4s
8 Working S2 NE D
NE B
8 Protection P1

NE C

Internal Use 45
 2f-bi MSP Ring

Assume Traffic Service between NEA and NEC under normal traffic flow
The STM-1(e) signals occupy VC4 - #1
NE A
East West
#1 VC-4

Source @ NE A Tributary Unit

East
NE A East Line unit (VC4 - #1)
West
STM-16 two-fiber fiber Line
NE B bidirectional MSP ring NE D
NE B West Line unit (VC4 - #1)
East Primary ring West
NE B East Line unit (VC4 - #1)
fiber Line
West East NE C West Line unit (VC4 - #1)
NE C

OptiX OSN 3500 Traffic between NE A and NE C Sink @ NE C Tributary Unit

Internal Use 46
 2f-bi MSP Ring

If the fiber between A and B breaks, the STM-1(e) services between A

and C will be switched to VC4 - #9. The STM-1(e) signals will switch to VC4 - #9
Source @ NE A Tributary Unit
NE A
East West
NE A West Line unit (VC4 - #9)
Fiber Line
NE D East Line unit (VC4 - #9)
#9 VC-4
East
West NE D West Line unit (VC4 - #9)
STM-16 two-fiber
NE B bidirectional MSP ring NE D Fiber Line
#9 VC-4 NE C East Line unit (VC4 - #9)
East West
Primary ring
NE C West Line unit (VC4 - #9)
Fiber Line
#1 VC-4 West East
NE B East Line unit (VC4 - #9)
NE C
NE B East Line unit (VC4 - #1)
OptiX OSN 3500 Traffic between NE A and NE C
Fiber Line
NE C West Line unit (VC4 - #1)
Sink @ NE C Tributary Unit

Internal Use 47
 2f-bi MSP Ring

Protection switching trigger conditions:

Automatic protection switching
SF (Signal Failure): R-LOS, R-LOF, MS-AIS
SD (Signal Degrade): B2-EXC, B2-SD
External initiated protection switching
Forced switch
Manual switch
Exercise switch

Internal Use 48
 2f-bi MSP Ring

Protection switching restoration:

Automatic protection switching
Clear of SF (Signal Failure): R-LOS, R-LOF, MS-AIS
Clear of SD (Signal Degrade): B2-EXC, B2-SD
WTR (Wait to Restore): 10 minutes (5-12 minutes
provisionable)
External commands
Clear of Forced switch
Clear of Manual switch

Internal Use 49
 2f-bi MSP Ring

APS controller:
Processes APS protocol and algorithm
APS protocol is carried in the K1, K2 bytes.

Internal Use 50
 2f-bi MSP Ring
Transition of APS controller status:

I I

S WTR

S P WTR P

P P

I = Idle P = Pass-through
S = Switching WTR = Wait to Restore
Internal Use 51
 2f-bi MSP Ring

Features of two-fiber bidirectional MS shared protection ring:

Advantages:
Time slots can be reused
High network capacity *M*STM-N
Disadvantages:
Switching slow - 25ms
Mechanism complicated
Application:
Mainly for STM-4 and STM-16 or above system
Scattered traffic distribution

Internal Use 52
 MSP ring

Please try your best to use the dual slots to build a MSP ring.
Between the dual slots, K1&K2 bytes can passthrough faster.
The dual optical ports for dual slots are 1 to 1, 2 to 2, etc.

OSN equipment can passthrough K1, K2 bytes in software mode.

Slower

Internal Use 53
 OSN 1500 Dual Slots

Slot 14
Slot 18 PIU
Slot 15

Slot 16
Slot 19 PIU
Slot 17

Slot 1/11 2.5Gbit/s Slot 6 622Mbit/s

Slot 20 Slot 2/12 2.5Gbit/s Slot 7 622Mbit/s

Slot 3/13 2.5Gbit/s Slot 8 622Mbit/s
FAN Slot 4 2.5Gbit/s Slot 9 622Mbit/s

Slot 5 2.5Gbit/s Slot 10 AUX

12&13, 4&5, 7&8, 6&9

Internal Use 54
 OSN 2500 Dual Slots

S S
S S S S S S S S
L L
L L L L L L L L
O O S S S S
S S S S O O O O O O O O
T T L L L L
L L L L T T T T T T T T
9 10 O O O O
O O O O 5 6 7 8 11 12 13 14
T T T T
T T T T
C C 1 1 1 1
1 2 3 4 S
622Mbit/s
622Mbit/s

622Mbit/s

622Mbit/s
622Mbit/s

2.5Gbit/s

2.5Gbit/s
X X 5 6 7 8
A
L L
P
16 16

fiber Routing
PIU FAN FAN PIU
SLOT22 SLOT23 SLOT24 SLOT25

9&10, 8&11, 7&12, 6&13

The dual slots are symmetrical in the center of CXL1/4/16
Internal Use 55
 OSN 3500 Dual Slots

FAN FAN FAN

S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L 1 L
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 7 O
T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T S T
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 C 1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 C 8
1.25Gbit/s
1.25Gbit/s
1.25Gbit/s

1.25Gbit/s
1.25Gbit/s

1.25Gbit/s

1.25Gbit/s
2.5Gbit/s
2.5Gbit/s
2.5Gbit/s

2.5Gbit/s
10Gbit/s
10Gbit/s

10Gbit/s
10Gbit/s
S

EXCS

EXCS
C
C

fiber Routing

2&17, 3&16, 4&15, 5&14, 6&13, 7&12, 8&11

The dual slots are symmetrical in the center of GXCS/EXCS

Internal Use 56
 OSN 7500 Dual Slots

S LS LS LS LS LS S S S S S S S SLOT S S S S S
L L OL OL OL O L L L L L L L L 32 L L L L L
OTO TO TO TO TO O

PIU(A)
O O O O O O O O O O O
T T 1T 1T 1T 1T T T T T T T T T T T T T
1 42 52 62 72 82 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 4 5 6 7 8
SLOT
S S 33

SCC(B)
SCC(A)

PIU(B)
EOW

AUX
C C

fiber routing fiber routing fiber routing

FAN FAN FAN

S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
XCS(B)
XCS(A)

fiber routing fiber routing

A: active B: backup

Internal Use 57
 OSN 9500 Dual Slots

Not fixed
Software configuration

Internal Use 58
 2f-bi MSP Ring
West and east direction
West: the left one of dual slot
East: the right one of dual slot
Ring direction
Node A
Active ring direction
E W
Transmitting from E
Receiving from W
Standby ring direction
Transmitting from W
W E
Receiving from E
E W
Node B Node D

W E
Node C
Internal Use 59
 What Protection Rings Can We Have

MSP Rings
Two-fiber bidirectional multiplex section protection ring
Four-fiber bidirectional multiplex section protection ring

Internal Use 60
 4f-bi MSP Ring

Structure:
Four fibers
Working channels--S1,S2, carry normal traffic
Protection channels--P1,P2, protect normal traffic
CA AC

S1
P1
S2
P2

B D

P2 C

S2
P1
S1

CA AC
Internal Use 61
 4f-bi MSP Ring

Normal traffic flow for four-fiber MSP ring

B D

Protection channels(Protection fibers)

Working channels(Working fibers)

Internal Use 62
 4f-bi MSP Ring

Traffic flow after the working channel is broken only:

Span switching

B D

Protection channels(Protection fibers)

Working channels(Working fibers)

Internal Use 63
 4f-bi MSP Ring

Traffic flow after the working and protection channels are

broken:
Ring switching

B D

Protection channels(Protection fibers)

Working channels(Working fibers)

Internal Use 64
 4f-bi MSP Ring

Protection switching trigger conditions:

Automatic protection switching
SF (Signal Failure): R-LOS, R-LOF, MS-AIS
SD (Signal Degrade): B2-SD

Internal Use 65
 4f-bi MSP Ring

Protection switching trigger conditions:

External initiated protection switching
Forced switch to Protection - Ring
Forced switch to Protection - Span
Manual switch to Protection - Ring
Manual switch to Protection - Span
Exercise switch to Protection - Ring
Exercise switch to Protection - Span

Internal Use 66
 4f-bi MSP Ring

Protection switching restoration:

Automatic protection switching
Clear of SF (Signal Failure): R-LOS, R-LOF, MS-AIS
Clear of SD (Signal Degrade): B2-EXC, B2-SD
WTR (Wait to Restore): 10 minutes (5-12 minutes
provisionable)
External command
Clear of Forced switch
Clear of Manual switch

Internal Use 67
 4f-bi MSP Ring

APS controller status

Idle
Switching
Pass-through
WTR

Internal Use 68
 4f-bi MSP Ring

Features of four-fiber bidirectional MS shared protection ring:

Advantages:
Time slots can be reused
High network capacity M*STM-N
Disadvantages:
Switching slow - 25ms
Mechanism complicated
Expensive
Application:
Mainly STM-16 or above system
Scattered traffic distribution
Backbone system

Internal Use 69
 Summary

MSP ring 2f- MSP Ring 4f- MSP Ring

Similarity APS protocol necessary
NEs number on MSP ring 16
Cross-connect unit runs MSP protocol
Dual slots
Bidirectional and disperse services
Difference K*STM-N Capacity K*STM-N/2 Capacity
Unique span switch
K1&K2 in protection fiber

Internal Use 70
 Introduction to SDH Network Protection

Basic Concepts

Types of Survivable Network

Linear MS Protection

MSP Rings

SubNetwork Connection Protection

Internal Use 71
 Subnetwork Connection Protection

Description:
Protection one SubNetwork Connection
Can be adapted to all networks

123
Working Subnetwork 1
SNC
SNC
SNC
Starting Termination
Node
Node
Selector

NE A Protection NE B
SNC
Subnetwork 2

123
Internal Use 72
 SubNetwork Connection Protection
Protection principle
Concurrent sending (transmit end)
Selective receiving (receive end)
2M

in out

out in
A
out in out in
SNCP
B Ring D
in out in out
Subnetwork 1 C Subnetwork 2
in out

out in
STM-N

2M
Internal Use 73
 SubNetwork Connection Protection

Protection switching criteria:

Default
R-LOS, R-LOF, MS-AIS, B2-EXC, AU-LOP, AU-AIS, TUAIS,
TULOP, HP-LOM, HP-UNEQ, B3-EXC, Unplug the line card
Optional
B2-SD, HP-TIM, B3-SD

Internal Use 74
 SubNetwork Connection Protection

Protection Restoration:
Restoration time - 10 minutes (provisionable on the order of 5-12
minutes)

S1 S1

P1 P1
A A

B D B D

C C

switch

Internal Use 75
 SubNetwork Connection Protection

SNCP service

Working source Protection source

Service sink

Internal Use 76
 SNCP services grouping

If
too much SNCP services, switch completion time >50ms
Method to solve the problem: grouping
Make multi-SNCP services with the same source, sink and route
as a group
Select a SNCP service as detection objective
Increase SNCP information processed
Restoration is separated from grouping
Grouping is not effective for external commands

Internal Use 77
 Networking Capability

Equipment MSP Ring Linear MSP SNCP

OSN 1500/2500/3500 12 40 1008
OSN 7500 40 120 2016
OSN 9500 80(2f)/40(4f 255 2304
)

Internal Use 78
 Questions

Which differences can you find between a unidirectional ring

and a bidirectional one?
Whats the difference between a SNCP and an MSP?
Which one can carry extra traffic?

Internal Use 79
 Summary
Item 2f-MSP Ring SNCP
APS protocol necessary unnecessary
Typical services Bidirectional and disperse unidirectional and centralized
Switch level (objective) MS SNC services
Suitable networking Only ring All topology
Switching LU, XC LU, XC
implementing boards
Switch time About 25ms The more traffic, the longer
switching time
Network Capacity K*STM-N/2 STM-N
Extra traffic Support Not support
Network Capacity K*STM-N/2 STM-N

Internal Use 80
 Chapter1 Common SDH Network Topologies

Chapter2 Common Network Elements

Chapter3 Introduction to SDH Network Protection

Chapter4 Synchronization of SDH Networks

Chapter5 Orderwire Application

Chapter6 ECC Networking Application

Internal Use 81
 Synchronous Clock Sources

Reference Clock Sources

External clock (2Mbits/s or 2MHz)
Optical interface
Tributary interface
Internal clock

Internal Use 82
 Working modes of the clock unit

BITS
Normal
A
Timing signals is ok
Holdover
Frequency information
stored, holding for 24hrs C
Free-run B
Internal clock

Internal Use 83
 Chapter1 Common SDH Network Topologies

Chapter2 Common Network Elements

Chapter3 Introduction to SDH Network Protection

Chapter4 Synchronization of SDH Networks

Chapter5 Orderwire Application

Chapter6 ECC Networking Application

Internal Use 84
 An Example of Orderwire Application

Internal Use 85
 Chapter1 Common SDH Network Topologies

Chapter2 Common Network Elements

Chapter3 Introduction to SDH Network Protection

Chapter4 Synchronization of SDH Networks

Chapter5 Orderwire Application

Chapter6 ECC Networking Application

Internal Use 86
 Communication ways between stations

TCP/IP Protocol
ECC Protocol

GNE NE NE NE NE
TCP/IP
Protocol
DCC Channel (ECC Protocol)
TMN
OAM Messages: Performance, Alarm,
Operation commands

Internal Use 87
 ECC Communication

Physical layer of ECC Communication: DCC

D1~D3: 192Kbit/s, RSOH
At default, D1~D3 are used for ECC
D4~D12: 576Kbit/s, MSOH
ECC communication adopts uniform router.
In a ring, the short ECC is preference.
If the short ECC broken, the long ECC route is used.

Internal Use 88
 ECC Optimization

DCC bandwidth is limited, and too big networking can

lead to ECC communication unstable.
Usually, the number of non-gateway NEs belonging to a
single gateway NE should not be more than 50.

Internal Use 89
 ECC channels

Equipment Number of ECC channels

OSN 1500 20

OSN 2500 40

OSN 3500 40

OSN 7500 160

OSN 9500 160

Internal Use 90
 Connection Mode between Gateway and NMS

LAN Connection via Crossover Cable

Internal Use 91
 Connection Mode between Gateway and NMS

LAN Connection via Standard Cable

NMS

HUB

TCP/IP

GNE GNE
......
NE NE NE NE

NE NE

Internal Use 92
 Connection Mode between Gateway and NMS

Remote Maintenance Connection

Internal Use 93
 Gateway Backup

NE1 is the main gateway

NE3 is the backup gateway

NE2
NE3

NE1
DDN

NE3

NE5
NE4

Internal Use 94
 Extended ECC

Internal Use 95
 Questions

How to realize the communication between OSN equipment?

How many ways can connect the NMS computer with the gateway?

Internal Use 96
 Summary

Chapter1 Common SDH Network Topologies

Chapter2 Common Network Elements

Chapter3 Introduction to SDH Network Protection

Chapter4 Synchronization of SDH Networks

Chapter5 Orderwire Application

Chapter6 ECC Networking Application

Internal Use 97
Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading without Permission.