Deeply Embedded Networks means:

A lot of small devices

low power consumption

Low power consumption is achieved
with:

Flexible interfaces

Primitive accelerators

System level optimizations

 MICA applications:
Plant monitoring

Parking spot detection

Precision Agriculture
Troop movement detection

Gauging Structural Integrity of

Buildings
Precision Agriculture
 MICA device
Sensing

Communicati
on

Computation
 Shortcomings of traditional
wireless devices in a deeply
embedded network

High power consumption

Pre-deployed powerful infrastructure

Single, highly standardized function

Protocol processing

System-level inflexibility
 Bluetooth not a solution
Master-slave design

High power consumption

Rigid protocol
 Exploiting wireless design
Bandwidth and latency tradeoffs

Rich software interface

Hardware accelerators

Resource pooling

With these system-level optimizations we

can achieve high-level software
optimizations.
 Key system capabilities
Low power startup

Time synchronization

Power-aware routing

Localization
 MICA design
Five main modules:
Processing

RF communication

Power management

I/O expansion

Secondary storage
MICA design
 Operating System TinyOS
Resource pooling

Fine grained allocation of processing

resources

High level application code coexists

with low level protocol code

 Raw radio interface
Rich simple interface

Use of customized arbitrary signaling

protocols

This direct low-level interface to the

radio provides flexibility for application
developers.
 Communication
accelerators

Programming the low level radio

interface in software is not efficient.

To compensate we use hardware

accelerators.
Shared memory buffer
accelerator

Shared
Bit-serial
Bit-parallel memor
radio
data y
channel
buffer
Synchronization accelerator

Captures the exact timing of an

incoming packet at the start of packet
reception.

Timing information can be delivered to

application software.
 Cross-layer optimizations
Use of low level information in
software to achieve a high level goal.

RF wake up

Time synchronization

Device location
 Two classes of applications
First class:
Low duty cycle

Low data rates

Long latency

Static topology

Long expected lifetime

Second Class:
Dynamic and control

High data rates

Latency limits

Mobile nodes

Control environment in real time

Theoretical impact of MICA
optimizations
!