Subject : Information

Technology
Std XI
Lesson- 5 :Introduction To Network

Topic : NETWORK
What is a Network ?
The collection of interconnected computers is called
a computer network.
Two computers are said to be interconnected if they
are capable of sharing and exchanging information.
Need for network

Share Resource
Can Share Software
Share storage

02/10/17 Computer Network K. Patel 3

Network Characteristics

Cost
Reliability
Security
Speed
Scalability
Topology

02/10/17 Computer Network K. Patel 4

EVOLUTION OF NETWORKING

1969 - First network came into existence

ARPANET (ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECT

AGENCY NETWORK)

MID 80S - NSFNET (NATIONAL SCIENCE

FOUNDATION NETWORK)
 1980
NSFnet

a high capacity network

to be used strictly for
1969 academic and 1990
ARPANET engineering research. INTERNET

to connect computers at the internetworking of

U.S. defense and ARPANET, NSFnet and
different universities. other private networks

INTERNET IS THE NETWORK OF NETWORKS.

Types of Network
On the basis of geographical spread,
network may be classified as-
Types of Network
On the basis of geographical spread, network
may be classified as
LAN (Local Area Network)
Small area like a small office or home.
The computer systems are linked with
wire/cables or wireless system.
The key purpose of LAN is to sharing the
resources. LAN users can share data,
programs, printer, Disk, modem, etc.
Speed upto 10-100 Mbps
Types of Network
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): A
large computer network that usually
spans a city or a large campus. MAN
usually interconnects a number of
LANs.
It also share the resources among
users.
Can be collected to the local cable
television network.
Types of Network
WAN (Wide Area Network) : WANs
are generally used to interconnect
several other types of networks such
as LANs, MANs etc.
It provide a long distance
transmission of data, voice, image
and video conferencing.
Types of Network
PAN (Personal Area Network) : Used
to establish communication between
computer and other devices in small
proximity up to 10 meters using
wired USB connectivity or wireless
system like Bluetooth or Infrared.
PANs are used to connect computers,
laptops, Mobiles and other IT-enabled
devices to each others.
Recap
The collection of interconnected
computers is called a computer network.
Need for network : To share H/w
and S/W resources.
Types of Network-
LAN,MAN,WAN,PAN
Exercise
What is the full form of the
following:-
LAN
MAN
WAN
MBPS
ARPANET
THANK YOU
Subject : Information
Technology
Std XI
Lesson- 5 :Introduction To Network
Topic : Network
Communication and Protocols
 TRANSMISSION MEDIA

What is required to connect computers ?

TRANSMISSION MEDIA

Medium by which signals(data) are

sent from one computer to another
(either by cable or wireless means.)
 TRANSMISSION MEDIA

All the computers or connecting devices

in the network, must be connected to
each other by a Transmission Media or
channel.
The selection of Media depends on the
cost, data transfer speed, bandwidth
and distance.
Transmission media may be classified as
Guided Media (Wired/bounded )
Twisted Pair Cable
Coaxial Cable
Optical Fiber
Unguided Media (Wireless/unbounded)
Microwave
Radio wave
Satellite
Others (Blue tooth, Infrared and wi-fi etc.)
Twisted Pair

TYPES:
1. Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)
2. Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)
STP offers greater protection from interference and
crosstalk due to shielding.
But it is heavier and costlier than UTP
USE
In local telephone communication
For digital data transmission over short distances upto 1 km
 Twisted Pair Cable

02/10/17 Computer Network K. Patel 22

Advantages
Easy to install and maintain
Simple
Inexpensive
Low weight
Suitable for small (Local) Networks

Disadvantages
Not suitable for long distance due to high attenuation.
Low bandwidth support.
Low Speed
 Coaxial cable
Coaxial cable consists
of a solid copper wire
core surrounded by a
plastic cladding
shielded in a wire
mesh.
Shield prevents the
noise by redirecting it
to ground.
Coaxial Cable

02/10/17 Computer Network K. Patel 25

TYPES:

Coaxial cable comes in two sizes which are

called thinnet and thicknet.

Thicknet : segment length upto 500 m

Thinnet : segment length upto 185 m

USE
In TV channel communication
Advantages

Better than twisted wire cable.

Popular for TV networks.
Offers higher bandwidth & Speed

Disadvantages
Expensive than twisted wires.
Not compatible with twisted wire cable.
 OPTICAL FIBRES
Thin strands of glass or glass like material
designed to carry light from one source to
another.
Source converts (Modulates) the data signal
into light using LED (Light Emitting Diodes) or
LASER diodes and send it over the Optical
fiber.
It consists of three parts:
1. The core : glass or plastic through which the
light travels.
2. The cladding : covers the core and reflects
light back to the core
3. Protective coating : protects the fiber cable
Advantages
Not affected by any kind of noise.
High transmission capacity
Speed of Light
Suitable for broadband communication

Disadvantages
Installation requires care.
Connecting two Optical fibers is difficult.
Optical fibers are more difficult to solder
Most expensive.
Wireless Transmission Medium
 Microwaves
Microwaves are transmitted from the transmitters placed
at very high towers to the receivers at a long distance.
Microwaves are transmitted in line of sight fashion, and
also propagated through the surfaces.
MICROWAVES
Advantages
Suitable for high speed and long distance (upto 100
km.) communication.
No need for lying cable and offers ability to
communicate over oceans.
Disadvantages
Repeaters are required for long distance
communication.
Implementation and maintenance cost is high.
Insecure communication and propagation of
waves is susceptible to whether effects like Rain
and thunder etc.
Radio Wave
Radio communication uses Radio
frequencies like Medium Wave, Short Wave,
VHF and UHF.
Signal are modulating on a high speed
Radio wave carrier frequency using
Amplitude Modulation (AM), Frequency
Modulation (FM) and Phase Modulation
(PM).
Generally it is used to make Broadcast
Network within a range.
Radio Wave
Advantages:
It covers a larger span of spared and
offers mobility.
Disadvantages:
Expensive and Insecure communication.
It is susceptible to whether effects.
Satellite

Geostationary
satellites are
placed around
36000 KM away
from the earths
surface.
 Satellite
In satellite communication transmitting station transmits
the signals to the satellite. (It is called up-linking)

After receiving the signals (microwaves) it amplifies them and

transmit back to earth in whole visibility area.

Receiving stations at different places can receive these

signals. (It is called down-linking).
Satellite

Advantage
Area coverage is too large
Disadvantage
High investment
Recap
Transmission media
Guided
Unguided
Exercise
What are the benefits of using a computer
network?
What is the difference between a LAN and a WAN?
Give an example of each.
Describe each type of transmission media and
provide an example of the situation in which it
would best be used.

 Thank you