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GALLBLADDER CANCER

Gallbladder cancer is very uncommon. Women are more likely to have gall
bladder cancer than men. The risk increases with increasing age. It is more
common in patients who have stones in the gall bladder, the risk being
about 1%. Other diseases of the gall bladder, such as, porcelain (calcified)
gallbladder, choledochal (bile duct) cyst and chronic gallbladder infection
also increase the risk of gall bladder cancer.

It's not clear what causes gallbladder cancer. Most gallbladder cancer
begins in the cells that line the inner surface of the gallbladder and is
called as adenocarcinoma. Gall bladder cancer tends to spread to nearby
organs and tissues such as the liver, bile ducts or small intestine. It also
spreads to lymph nodes in the region of the liver. Ultimately, distant organs
and lymph nodes can become involved.

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What are the signs and symptoms of gall bladder cancer?

Gallbladder cancer is difficult to diagnose because it often causes no signs or


symptoms. When present, the symptoms may be non-specific and similar to many
other chronic diseases. The relatively hidden nature of the gallbladder probably
makes it easier for gallbladder cancer to grow without being detected.

Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes), itching, bloating,
abdominal pain, weight loss, decreasing appetite, fever, nausea & vomiting or an
enlarging abdominal mass are all signs that may be attributable to gall bladder
cancer. Frequently, jaundice is a late development and the other symptoms have
been present for a long time. Sometimes, it is detected incidentally on the biopsy
after cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal operation) for gallstone disease. When
diagnosed in this situation, it is generally at a very early stage and the chance for
cure is very good.

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Stages of Gallbladder Cancer

The following stages are used for gallbladder cancer :

Stage 0 (carcinoma in Situ) : Abnormal cells are found in the inner


(mucosal) layer of the gallbladder; these abnormal cells may become
cancer and spread into nearby normal tissue

Stage I : Cancer has formed and has spread beyond the inner (mucosal)
layer to a layer of tissue with blood vessels or to the muscle layer

Stage II : Cancer has spread beyond the muscle layer to the connective
tissue around the muscle.

Stage IIIA : Cancer has spread through the thin layers of tissue that cover
the gallbladder and/or to the liver and/or to one nearby organ (eg, stomach,
small intestine, colon, pancreas, or bile ducts outside the liver)

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Stage IIIB : Cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes and [#Section_218]
beyond the inner layer of the gallbladder to a layer of tissue with blood
vessels or to the muscle layer; or beyond the muscle layer to the connective
tissue around the muscle; or through the thin layers of tissue that cover the
gallbladder and/or to the liver and/or to one nearby organ

Stage IVA : Cancer has spread to a main blood vessel of the liver or to 2 or
more nearby organs or areas other than the liver. Cancer may have spread to
nearby lymph nodes.

Stage IVB : Cancer has spread to either lymph nodes along large arteries in
the abdomen and/or near the lower part of the backbone or to organs or areas
far away from the gallbladder.

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Diagnosis of Gallbladder Cancer

Physical Examination and History


Liver Function Tests
Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) Assay
CT Scan (CAT Scan)
Ultrasound Exam
PTC (Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography)
ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography)
Biopsy
Laparoscopy

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Treatment for Gall Bladder Cancer in India

Surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are all used to treat


gallbladder cancer. Many patients get a combination of treatments. For
example, chemotherapy or radiotherapy can be used to shrink the
tumour before surgery.

Your treatment will depend on the stage, grade and type of cancer cells
you have. The stage looks at the size of your cancer and if it has
spread from where it started.

The grade of the cancer can tell if your cancer grows quickly or
slowly. You can have a low, moderate or high grade cancer.

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Surgery
Surgery offers the best chance of curing early-stage cancer that has not spread beyond the
gallbladder. To determine if surgery is possible, surgical oncologist at DHRC may order
images of the gallbladder, bile ducts and the liver. Surgeons will use a camera and
miniature instruments inserted through tiny incisions in the abdomen (laparoscopic
surgery) to see if the tumor has spread (metastasized). Surgery options include:
Simple cholecystectomy If the tumor is very small and has not spread to the deeper
layers of gallbladder tissue, the surgeon may use this procedure, which removes only
the gallbladder. Occasionally this procedure can be done using laparoscopic surgery.
Extended cholecystectomy. This is the most commonly performed surgery, involving
removal of the gallbladder, the liver tissue next to it, and nearby lymph nodes.
Chemotherapy
When the cancer has spread to other organs, medical oncologists may recommend
chemotherapy.
Chemotherapy currently does not cure advanced gallbladder cancer, but sometimes
slows the disease's progression.
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Radiotherapy
Radiotherapy treats cancer by using high-energy x-rays that destroy the cancer
cells while doing as little harm as possible to normal cells. It is occasionally used
for cancer of the gall bladder. It can either be given externally from a radiotherapy
machine or internally by placing radioactive material close to the tumour
(brachytherapy).

Robotic Surgery for Gallbladder Cancer in India


Single-Site da Vinci Surgery gallbladder cancer hospitals in India is minimally
invasive performed through a single small incision using state-of-the-art
technology. This procedure is performed using the da Vinci Surgical System. da
Vinci is a state-of-the-art robotic surgical platform that translates your surgeons
hand movements into smaller, more precise movements of instruments inside your
body. da Vincis vision system provides your surgeon with 3D-HD visualization
allowing for enhanced vision, precision, dexterity and control. During the entire
procedure, your surgeon is 100% in control of the da Vinci System.

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FAQ - Gallbladder Cancer Treatment in India

How is gallbladder cancer treated?


Gallbladder cancer may be treated in any of these ways:
Surgery
Radiation therapy
Chemotherapy
A combination of the above

What is a cholecystectomy?
A cholecystectomy is an operation in which the gallbladder is taken out. A more
extensive surgery also takes out part of the liver around the gallbladder, nearby
lymph nodes, and sometimes other nearby tissues or organs.

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Which is the Best Hospital in India for treatment of Gallbladder


Cancer?
India has not one but many better than the best hospitals for cancer
treatment. Mail us your medical report and we will find the hospital most
suitable to treat your medical condition.

Is it safe to get Gallbladder Cancer Treatment and Surgery in India?


The medical fraternity in India is famed for excellence, and leads in Cancer
surgeries. Thousands of cancer operations are performed in India each year
with maximum success rate, making the safety obvious.

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