Eco Dial

Division - Name - Date - Language 1
1. INTRODUCTION
From Ecodial2 to Ecodial3 :
Windows 3.11, 95, 98 and NT
New products :
Contactors , Circuit breakers (Telemecanique),
Thermal relays, Soft starters, Variable speed drives,
Capacitors
A new calculation standard : CENELEC (R0064-003)

Installation standards : IEC364, C15-100

The main steps of a study
General characteristics
Drawing
Definition of circuit characteristics
Power sum
Calculation
Results
Output

Calculation / General characteristics
Un Ph-Ph (415V) : sets the LV network voltage. This value corresponds to a

phase-phase voltage
Earthing arangement (TNC) : sets the earthing arrangement at the transformer.

This value can only be changed in a network after an LV/LV transformer, or from
TNC to TNS.
Cascading (YES) : authorises Ecodial to use reinforced breaking capacity to

choose downstream breakers. This can help reduce the cost of an installation.
Discrimination (YES) : displays the discrimination results and chooses breakers

giving better discrimination results.
Smax (240mm) : sets the maximum cable CSA that Ecodial can use when sizing
cables (multiple cables in parallel can always be used though)

Calculation / General characteristics
CSA N / CSA Ph (1) : sets the minimum ratio between phase and neutral
conductors. This is used to allow half neutrals (1/2) or require full neutrals (1).
Tolerance (5%) : Ecodial calculates the theoretical Phase CSA. Tolerance can be
included to allow the choice of cable slightly smaller than the theoretical value.
Standard (IEC947-2) : Allows the user to choose a default product standard

(IEC947-2 or IEC898) according to which the breaking capacity of the circuit
breakers are given. If the standard is set to IEC898, Ecodial automatically
chooses IEC947-2 if no IEC898 are available
Target power factor (0.96) : this is the value Ecodial will use to size the required
capacitor bank. It corresponds to the power factor downstream of the transformer.
System frequency (50Hz) : enables users to choose products that are suitable for
60hz applications (capacitors, ).

Drawing the network - the symbol toolbox
Display / Symbol Toolbox
Sources : Transformer, Generator, Undefined, (Bus coupler)

Busbar : Busbar, (interlock)
Outgoing circuits
Loads : receiver, motor, lighting, variable speed drive
LV transformer (isolating, step-up, step-down)
graphic links - project links
Standard diagrams

The first study
T1
Source
C1
Q1
Switchboard
B2
Q3 Q4 Q5
Main Load Main lighting

C3 K4 C5
L3 Main motor
C4 D5 Main lighting
M4
E5

Definition of circuit characteristics
Network / Circuit description
select circuit and F4, or double-click on circuit

Name all the circuits :
Supply, Switchboard, Main Load, Main Motor, Main Lighting
Enter circuit parameters:
Main Load : 35m, 238A
Main motor : 39m, 110kW (mechanical),
Main Lighting :15m cable, 30m busbar, 20x150W Incandescent
lights, 10 identical circuits
Useful tools
Network / Item lists
faster input of circuit characteristics once the circuits are named.
Display / Network tree (F2)
Network / Logical check (F3)

The Power Sum
Calculation / Power Sum
Automatically calculates the theoretical power of transformer and generator.

(400kVA)
Automatically calculates the currents in the different branches of the circuits. (ex
Total Switchboard feeders = 436.36A)
Ku and Ks coefficients can be used to optimise design.
Ecodial will recommend a transformer size.
Power sum should be run after every modification !

The Power Sum
Calculation / Power Sum
The Power Sum is not compulsory.
But then the user must manually define the currents in every circuits.
Advantage : quicker calculations :
Do not have to draw/enter all the circuits.
Enter only the circuits one wants to calculate, and expected current.
Disadvantage : results can be sometimes surprising !
POWER SUM IS RECOMMENDED IN BIG PROJECTS !

The Power Sum
Load distribution
When single phases are connected to a three phase board, Ecodial can
automatically suggest a phase distribution solution
The automatic distribution can be modified.
The logic applied is the following
Ecodial sorts the loads by decreasing intensity.
Starting from the highest load, Ecodial will place the loads onto the first phase
until the sum of these loads is equal to 33% of the total load
Ecodial then tries to load the second phase until the sum of these loads
reaches 50 of the remaining loads.
All the loads that remain are then allocated to the third phase.
This systems gives the best possible distribution in most cases. It is always
possible to modify the result.
The upstream circuit is sized on the highest phase loading.

The Calculation
Calculation / Calculate
Automatic mode
equipment is selected automatically.
No additional entry is required, Ecodial uses default values (installation
method, cable type, )
Manual mode
parameters can be defined by user, and then theyare checked to see if
they verify all the safety criteria.
An unsafe choice will not be allowed to be validated.
Equipment calculated
Circuit breakers (and fuses) and isolators
Contactors and relays
Cable, BTS, and busbar

The Calculation
Load current and breaking capacity identifies circuit breaker
Choice of circuit breaker sets thermal setting
Thermal setting defines minimum theoretical cable CSA
Verification of cable (Sp, Sn, Spe theoretic)

voltage drop
protection against indirect contact
short circuit currents
Sizing constraint (overload, voltage drop, user, )

The Calculation
Busbar sizing :
For main busbar, size is defined by the circuit breaker protection which is
defined by the nominal current of transformer (and not the sum of the load
currents !)
For other busbar (sub DB) : sizing according to circuit breaker protection,
which is defined by the load current.
Short circuit currents

Ik max : cold short circuit (copper is cold-low resistivity)
Ik min : warm short circuit (copper is warm - high resistivity)
Ik3 : three phase bolted fault
Ik2 : phase - phase fault
Ik1 : phase - neutral fault
Earth fault : phase-earth fault

The Calculation
Resistivity values
o : resitivity at 20 degrees Celcius (IEC909)

copper : 18,51
aluminium : 29,41
At different temperatures :
PVC
1= 1,2x o at 70 degrees
2= 1,38x o at 115 degrees (if S <= 300 mm)
2= 1,34x o at 105 degrees (if S > 300 mm
3= 1,30x o at 95 degrees (if S <= 300 mm)
3= 1,26x o at 85 degrees (if S > 300 mm)
PR
Linear reactance (non armoured cables)
multi core or single core in trefoil : = 0,08
single core, flat touching : = 0,09
single core, spaced : = 0,13

The Calculation
Short circuit currents (values of resistivity to be used)
Ik3max, Ik2max and Ik1max :

o
Ik2min and Ik1min
for circuit protected by fuses : 2
for circuits protected by circuit breakers : 1
If (earth fault current)
TNC :
Multicore, PE included
PE separate
Voltage drop :
1

The second study
T1
Source
C1
Q1 G8
Switchboard
B2
Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Emergency supply
C8
Main Load Main lighting Emergency DB feeder Q8

C3 K4 C5 C6
Emergency DB
B7
L3 Main motor Q9 Q10

C4 D5 Main lighting
M4 Vital Load
E5
C9 K10
L9 Vital Motor
C10
M10

Modify the circuit
Define new circuits :

Emergency DB feeder : 45 m , (I = ???)
Emergency DB
Emergency supply
Vital Load (36m, 135A)
Vital Motor (75m, 18,5 kW mechanical)
Run Power Sum

Transformer : 400 to 630 kVA
Generator : 160 kVA (only supplies Emergency board !)
Run Calculation

Advanced editing
Zoom : drag a box around the area to zoom into
Grid
Alf F3 = search for a particular circuit based on its name or ID
Circuit selection (multiple) : keep SHIFT button pressed while selecting multiple
circuits, or draw a box around the circuits to select.
Moving circuits : drag and drop the selection
Copying circuits (including the characteristics)

select circuit to be copied
CTRL+C and then CTRL+V
Edit / Copy and then Edit / Paste
Enlarge busbars : select busbar, click on , enlarge bars.

Circuit description
Transformer
Power (kVA) : the nominal rating of the transformer. It is usually calculated and
set in the power sum, nonetheless it can be manually set by the user here.
Earthing arrangement : a reminder of the earthing arrangement set in the

general characteristics. Modifying the earthing arrangement here does not modify
the earthing arrangement of all the downstream circuits.
Distributed neutral : identifies networks that have or have no neutral conductor.
Un Ph-Ph : a reminder of the system voltage. As for the earthing system,

changing the voltage here does not automatically change the voltage of all the
other circuits.
Short circuit voltage : parameter which is used to calculate the impedance of the
transformer (Z). The resistance and reactance are estimated using the CENELEC
guide lines.

Circuit description
Transformer (2)
HV Psc : short circuit level on the medium voltage side of the transformer.
Enables Ecodial to calculate the impedance (Z) of the medium voltage network
Connection : the different windings of the MV/LV transformer
Power factor : a result of the Power Sum. The power factor at the downstream
terminals of the transformer.
System frequency
HV operating time : time used to size the transformer to circuit breaker

connection (refers to Electrical Installation Guide table H1-63)

Circuit description
Transformer (3)
Results :
(1,05 Un) 2 R and X of MV network (using CENELEC R064-003 formulas)

ZQ
S kQ XQ= 0,995 x ZQ RQ=0,1 x XQ
(1,05 Un) 2 ukr
ZT R and X of transformer (using CENELEC R064-003 formulas)
S rT 100
RT=0,31 x ZT XT = 0,95 x ZT
S rT
In
3 Un Ib : rated current of the transformer (In)
cmax 1,05 Un
Isc I k 3 max
3 Z upstream Isc max (maximum short circuit current at the terminals of the transformer)
Pcu 3 In 2 RT Copper losses (heat loss)

Circuit description
Generators
Power (kVA) : see previous
Earthing arrangement : see previous
Distributed neutral : see previous
Un Ph-Ph : see previous
Power factor : see previous.
System frequency : see previous
Xo : Zero phase impedance
X : Transient impedance, used to calculate the short circuit current

Circuit description
Source
Un Ph-Ph : see previous
Isc max (kA) : maximum short circuit current (Ik3max) at the point of the LV
connection from which the study will start.
Power factor : see previous.
System frequency : see previous
Energy supplier : Private substation is the only value.
Distributed neutral : see previous
I service connection (A) : Intensity of the connection, in other words the current
rating of the upstream protection device (not drawn on the diagram).

Circuit description
Source (2)
Isc min upstream (kA) : value of the Ik1min short circuit at the point of
connection. This value is used to calculate the warm impedance of the
Phase/Neutral loop.
Earthing arrangement : see previous.
dU initial (%) : The voltage drop from the transformer to the LV connection from
which the study starts. This used to calculate the cumulative voltage drop
downstream of the LV connection.

Circuit description
Capacitor
Power factor before compensation : value of the power factor calculated in the
Power Sum (the Power Sum must be run to calculate a Capacitor bank)
Power of the Harmonic sources : In order to take into account the effect of
harmonics on the capacitors, Ecodial needs the power of all the harmonic
generating (non-linear) loads on the network. This value is used in conjunction with
the transformer size to identify the type (Standard, H or SAH) of capacitor used by
Ecodial.
Power (kvar) : Total power of the capacitor bank needed to attain the target power
factor.
Type of compensation
Step : resolution of the automatic capacitor bank : ex 5x50kvar means the capacitor
bank can go from 0 to 250kvar in steps of 50 kvar (controlled by the regulator)
Ib : current drawn by the capacitor bank (inclusive of possible harmonic currents
and manufacturing tolerances)

Circuit description
Capacitor
Ih Vh L, C,
Harmonic current
Transformer Capacitor
injection
(PT) (Q)
Equivalent impedance of L-C circuit (resistances ignored)
Z= j.L./ (1-L.C.)
Resonance when =(2f)=LC (Zmax induces to Voltage max)

order of resonance :
PT
n
ucc(%) Qc
if order of resonance is close to harmonic current injection, filtering devices could be required.
Harmonic voltage created across the equivalent impedance of the transformer and capacitor, which
causes circulating currents in the L-C loop, which can be a cause of nuisance tripping in transformer
or capacitor protection devices.

Circuit description
Circuit breaker (distribution)
Range : Product range from which the circuit breaker is to be chosen. If Ecodial
cannot find a breaker in that range it will look for a breaker in a predefined range
(function of the demand current)
Designation : name of circuit breaker
Trip unit / curve : name of the trip unit or curve of the circuit breaker
Nb of poles protected : polarity of the circuit breaker that is required.
Earth leakage protection : if earth leakage protection (RCD) is required (by user,
or for a particular application, switch this characteristic to YES).
Fire protection : this is a characteristic that will force an earth leakage device, and
set it to ensure that a leakage current will not be able to cause a fire (threshold <
300mA)
Integrated with the protection device : certain RCDs are integrated (NS Vigi,
) and certain are separated (RH***). The user can choose the type of RCD
required. By default, Ecodial looks for integrated RCDs, and then separated
RCDs if unsuccessful.
Class : (A / AC ) defines the sensitivity of the RCD to continuous and pulsed
DC signals.
Earth leakage protection device : name of the device ensuring the function of
RCD.

Circuit description
Circuit breaker (distribution) (2)
Sensitivity (mA) : pickup current of the RCD device

Delay (ms) : time delay before disconnection under earth fault conditions
I thermal setting (A) : Thermal setting of the circuit breaker. This value is set to
be greater or equal to the demand current, and is used to size the cable.
I magnetic setting (A) : magnetic setting of the circuit breaker. This setting s
made to ensure protection against indirect contact in TN, and to ensure correct
motor starting based on start-up currents.
Frame rating (A) : maximum rating of the circuit breaker frame
Trip unit rating (A) : maximum setting of the trip unit.
Ir : position of the thermal adjustment on the trip unit
Io : position of the thermal adjustment on the trip unit
Im/Isd : position of the magnetic adjustment on the trip unit
Motor mechanism : breakers must be able to be fixed with a motor mechanism

Circuit description
Circuit breaker (distribution) (3)
Cascading requested :
YES : circuit breaker is chosen using cascading with the upstream device
(only the device directly upstream)
NO : circuit breaker is chosen based on its stand-alone breaking capacity.
Discrimination requested :
YES : circuit breakers that have better discrimination potential are selected
instead of normal circuit breakers
Installation : Fixed breakers or withdrawable breakers

Circuit description
Circuit breaker (motor)
Range : see previous

Designation : see previous
Trip unit / curve : see previous
Contactor : name of contactor to be used according to the co-ordination tables
Thermal protection : name of thermal overload (if needed) according to co-
ordination tables.
Soft starter : name of soft starter (if needed) according to co-ordination tables.
Earth leakage protection : see previous.
Fire protection :see previous with the added safety that the tripping time is
delayed by at least 60ms to ensure there is no nuisance tripping on start-up.
Number of poles protected : always 3P3T, as Ecodial does not cover single
phase motors
I thermal setting (A) : Thermal setting of the circuit breaker. This value is set to
be greater or equal to the demand current, and is used to size the cable.
I magnetic setting (A) : magnetic setting of the circuit breaker. This setting s
made to ensure protection against indirect contact in TN, and to ensure correct
motor starting based on start-up currents.

Circuit description
Circuit breaker (motor) (2)
Frame rating (A) : maximum rating of the circuit breaker frame

Trip unit rating (A) : maximum setting of the trip unit.
Ir : position of the thermal adjustment on the trip unit
Io : position of the thermal adjustment on the trip unit
Im/Isd : position of the magnetic adjustment on the trip unit
Motor mechanism : breakers must be able to be fixed with a motor mechanism
Cascading requested :
YES : circuit breaker is chosen using cascading with the upstream device
(only the device directly upstream)
NO : circuit breaker is chosen based on its stand-alone breaking capacity.
Discrimination requested :
YES : circuit breakers that have better discrimination potential are selected
instead of normal circuit breakers
Installation : Fixed breakers or withdrawable breakers

Circuit description
Load
Number of identical circuits : instead of drawing multiple feeders having

EXACTLY the same characteristic, just draw one !
Ib : demand current of the load (calculated from the power and polarity)
Circuit polarity : polarity of the load
Power (kVA) : demand power (calculated from the current and the polarity)
Power factor : power factor of the load (.8 is default value)
Fixed / Mobile :
Fixed : permanent connection from installation to load.
Mobile : terminal load is fed through a power socket (special earth leakage
conditions are then applicable : 30mA and Instanataneous protection is
required)

Circuit description
Motor
Number of identical circuits : see previous

Mechanical power (kW) : rated mechanical power of motor
Type of starting : for Direct on Line or Soft Starting applications
Motor efficiency : ratio between mechanical and electrical power (in kW)
Ib (A) : full load current of motor
Power factor : full load power factor of the motor
Circuit polarity (always 3P)
Power (kW) : demand power (calculated from the efficiency)
Type of co-ordination : Type 1 or Type 2
Starting class : Standard / Long
Start-up current : sets the magnetic setting of the breaker

Circuit description
Lighting
Number of identical circuits

Lighting Source : type of lamp
Individual lamp power :
Number of lamps per light : for each lighting point there can be several lamps
Nb of lights (A) : total number of lamps on the Canalis lighting line
Ib : full load current at the origin of the Canalis lighting distribution
Ballast power : for lamps using ballasts (fluo tubes, )
Circuit polarity
Earthing arrangement
Power (kW) : total demand power (calculated)
Power factor

Circuit description
Variable Speed Drive
Reference : name of VSD

Nominal power of the VSD (kW) : characteristic of VSD
Ib : current drawn by VSD (including harmonics)
Absorbed power : total power drawn by VSD (motor power and heat loss)
Torque (A) : starting torque : High or standard
Form factor : ratio between total RMS and 50Hz signal (characteristic of VSD)
Is permanent : output current
Is max permanent : maximum permanent output current (characteristic of VSD)
Is max 60s : maximum 60s output current (characteristic of VSD)
Earthing arrangement
Circuit polarity

Circuit description
Cable
Length : length of the cable (Short circuit and voltage drop calculations)
Installation method : code for the type of installation. Defines the standard
derating factors and the type of conductors used.
Insulation : sets the insulation material of the cable (impedance calculation)
Type of conductor : output from the Installation method, not an input !
Neutral loaded : source of derating on 3P+N networks
Conductor arrangement : calculation of the linear reactance of the cable
Type of PE : influences the type of cables selected by Ecodial
Number of additional circuits : cable derating
Number of layers : cable derating
K user : additional cable derating (over and above the standards)
Ambient temperature : cable derating
Delta U max on circuit (%) : maximum voltage drop allowed on the cable
Reference : name of cable

Circuit description
Cable (2)
Nb Ph conductor : calculation result

CSA Ph conductor : calculation result
Nb N conductor : calculation result
CSA N conductor : calculation result
Nb PE conductor : calculation result
CSA PE conductor : calculation result
Phase metal : cable characteristic (input)
Neutral metal : cable characteristic (input)
PE metal : cable characteristic (input)
Safety voltage : 50V or 25V

Ecodial and the earthing schemes
Implementing protection against indirect contact
TT
Earth fault current (leakage) calculated using the impedance of the source
and earth electrodes, and the Phase-Earth conductor impedance
Standards require an RCD device on the main incomer
the earth and source electrodes must not be interconnected !
TN
Earth fault current calculated using the Phase-Earth conductor impedance
Protection against indirect contact insured by setting the magnetic under the
Earth fault current
Trip units can be changed to ensure accurate magnetic threshold is used
RCDs can be implemented
IT (2nd fault)
identical calculations as for the TN system
Earth fault current is calculated assuming both fault occur at the same point.
This ensures worse case scenario as if the second fault appears further
away, the real fault current on the 2nd fault would be greater than the
calculated fault current corresponding to the 2nd fault location, and ensuring
tripping by the 2nd fault location protection device.

Calculation rules
Phase CSA
Theoretical Phase CSA : calculated by a formula, where (IEC 60364-5-523-B):

K is the total derating (temperature laying method, cables in parallel, )
1
1 Irth a
Irth : is the thermal setting of the upstream breaker
Sth
K m m and a : parameters defined by the laying method and the type of cable
(metal, insulator) andthe number of loaded conductors in the circuit)
Choice of Phase conductor

based on cable database supplied
based on theoretical phase CSA and tolerance
based on installation rules (ex TNC Smini = 10mm)
based on limits implied in the standards (ex Smini for multicore conductors on
perforated tray = 25mm)
based on maximum phase CSA allowed
Voltage drop is calculated on this cable using demand current

CSA could be increased

Calculation rules
Neutral CSA
Theoretical calculation made by Ecodial

minimum theoretical CSA equal Ph or Ph/2
Warning : the Neutral as any cable should be sized according to the upstream
protection setting (this is to ensure safety, not continuity !).
With 4p4t CB, the neutral can be of the same CSA of the Phase
With 4p3t 1/2N, the neutral can be half
With 3p devices (Neutral not protected), there is an unknown, as there is no
direct protection on the neutral
Phase unbalance can lead (worse case scenario) to a phase current equal to
neutral current, so Neutral should be at least equal to Phase
Triplen Harmonics (3rd, 9th, ) add up on the neutral. Therefore, if the phase is
ONLY 3rd harmonics, neutral current = 3x phase current. In reality, the neutral
current will usually be less than 1.7-1.8 times the phase current, example ;
Irms (phase) = (I1, I3 (80%), I5(45%), I7(12%)) = 1.36x I1
Irms (neutral) = 3x I3 = 2.4x I1 = 1.76 Irms (phase)

Calculation rules
Neutral CSA
Recommended actions :
use half neutrals
when there is a 4p3t N/2 circuit breaker protecting the circuit,
and if there is no possibility of excessive phase unbalance and/or triplen
harmonic loading on the circuit.
Note : 3p3t are acceptable solutions, but 4p3t N/2 offer more safety under
unexpected conditions
use full neutrals

when there is a 4p4t circuit breaker protecting the circuit
and if there is a possibility of excessive phase unbalance, or limited
triplen harmonic (max allowed = 33% triplen in the RMS)
Note : 3p3t are acceptable solutions, but 4p4t offer more safety under
unexpected conditions
use double neutrals

with 3p3t circuit breakers
when there is a high risk of excessive triplen harmonic

Calculation rules
PE CSA
Automatic minimum PE :
if Ph 16mm, PE = Ph x kph/kpe
if Ph 35 mm, PE = 16mm x kph/kpe
if Ph > 35 mm, PE = Ph/2 x kph/kpe
where kph and kpe function of the type of phase and earth conductor (metal,
insulation, single/multi core, )
in TT, max PE = 35mm
Theoretical minimum PE : the theoretical minimum PE cross section should only

verify the It < kS condition, as no current is ever expected to flow on the PE (as it
is an equipotential link). This condition usually implies small PE cross sections (+/-
4mm in TN and 1mm in TT). Using such small cables has two bad consequences :
reducing Earth fault current (due to higher impedance), which could require the
use of earth fault protection devices or lowering the magnetic thresholds to non
efficient levels (motor starting and discrimination problems)
creating a higher voltage differential on the PE due to natural leakage currents
Ecodial chooses automatically the CSA given above, but allows smaller cables
to be selected by the user.

Calculation examples
the effect of long cables
T1
Network
Circuit
General characteristics C1
TNC
Q1
400V
Tableau
B2
Transformer
Q3
800kVA transformer
Incomer cable length = 0
Circuit
C3
Load
3P+N
L3
100A
Installation method EJ(1)
Calculate the network with :

Load cable length =30m, 100m, 140m, 170m
Info needed : Irm, If, Sph, Spe, DeltaU, CB, Sizing criteria

the effect of long cables
Cable sized on load current
Cable sized on voltage drop
Setting of trip unit to cater for low earth fault current

(protection against indirect contact)
To ensure disconnection in sufficient time, Ecodial verifies that the earth fault
current is higher than the magnetic setting of the breaker (including
tolerance).
Trip units can be changed to ensure this :
C curve to B curve
TM to STR
cable size can be increased
If no solution is found Ecodial interrupts the calculation requesting the user to
manually place an RCD on the circuit breaker to ensure disconnection, and
therefore protection against indirect contact.

Prefabricated busbar trunking
Non-uniformly distributed load

the Icc and DeltaU can be calculated at each tap-off point, or for worst case
scenario (Icc at source)
Calculation method to be used for distribution systems having loads that vary
substantially in power and location.
Uniformly distributed load

the Icc is calculated at the beginning of BTS.
The voltage drop is estimated as a function of the number of tap-offs
Calculation adapted for distribution systems having evenly distributed loads
(in power and location)

Prefabricated busbar trunking (2)
Uniformly and Non-uniformly distributed load. T1
800kVA
100A tapoffs Circuit
C1
D=5,10,15,20,25
Total length 30m Q1
Info needed : B2
Tableau
Icc, deltaU per tap/off. Q3
Circuit
C3 CEP
D4
Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9
Circuit Circuit Circuit Circuit Circuit

C5 C6 C7 C8 C9
L5 L6 L7 L8 L9

Calculation parameters
Diversity and usage coefficients
Ku : usage coefficient
applicable to a CIRCUIT
% full load current when load is running
example :
motor +/- 80%
Light 100%
Ks : diversity coefficient
applicable to a DISTRIBUTION BOARD
chance of all feeders drawing maximum load at any given time
relative to the number of feeders on DB.
See Electrical Installation Guide

Diversity and usage coefficients - example
Lathe 1 5.5 kW
Lathe 2 5.5 kW
Distribution box Lathe 3 5.5 kW
Lathe 4 5.5 kW
Workshop A Drill 1 2.2 kW
Drill 2 2.2 kW
3x socket outlet circuit (1P+N) 20 A each
6x lighting lines (1P+N) 10x 100W each
Compressor 15 kW
Incomer Workshop B 5x socket outlet circuit (1P+N) 20 A each
Ventilation Fan 1 2.2 kW

Distribution box Ventilation Fan 2 2.2 kW
Oven 1 15 kW
Workshop C Oven 2 15 kW
10x socket outlet circuit (1P+N) 20 A each

Apartment blocks :
Consumers 4 9 14 19 24 29 34 39 49
Ks 1 .78 .63 .53 .49 .46 .44 .42 .41
Distribution Boards (IEC439) :

Circuits 3 5 9 10+
Ks .9 .8 .7 .6
Circuits (Ks or Ku ?):

Lighting 1
Heating, air conditioning 1
Socket outlet circuit .1 to .2 (higher in industry)
Lifts/hoists 1 / .75 / .6

Problem with Ku and Ks

Responsibility of the user
Personal experience
Knowledge of installation
Database of existing installations
Advantage of Ku and Ks
more cost effective installation
not oversized
Example
total installed power : 144kVA
maximum expected demand : 80 kVA

Calculation guides
Special help file
The algorithms used by Ecodial
Formulas, constants
impedance
Icc, voltage drop, ..
Reference to standards

Output
Different types of information :
The front page
Header and footer
The device lists
Equipment display
Calculation notes
The single-line diagram
Printing :
Customise the setup
Choice of language

Special
Open and save a project
How to make a link between projects ?
Choice of interface language
The summary
Different kinds of exports :
DXF
RTF
ECD

Guides and tools
Circuit breaker and busbar selection
Discrimation and cascading tables
Tripping curves

Limitations
Maximum number of circuits in a project : 70

Maximum number of copied circuits : 20
Maximum number of transformers : 4

Special applications
Normal and emergency sources

Ecodial uses the worst case scenario to select equipment :
max short circuit level from Transformers
min earth fault current from Generators
Complex networks
It is not always possible to draw the exact network. It can be necessary
to draw a simplified network, and define the final network based on these
calculations.

Eco Dial

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Eco Dial

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Division - Name - Date - Language 1

Windows 3.11, 95, 98 and NT

A new calculation standard : CENELEC (R0064-003)

Division - Name - Date - Language 2

Division - Name - Date - Language 3

Un Ph-Ph (415V) : sets the LV network voltage. This value corresponds to a

Earthing arangement (TNC) : sets the earthing arrangement at the transformer.

Cascading (YES) : authorises Ecodial to use reinforced breaking capacity to

Discrimination (YES) : displays the discrimination results and chooses breakers

Division - Name - Date - Language 4

Standard (IEC947-2) : Allows the user to choose a default product standard

Division - Name - Date - Language 5

Sources : Transformer, Generator, Undefined, (Bus coupler)

Division - Name - Date - Language 6

Main Load Main lighting

Division - Name - Date - Language 7

select circuit and F4, or double-click on circuit

Division - Name - Date - Language 8

Automatically calculates the theoretical power of transformer and generator.

Ku and Ks coefficients can be used to optimise design.

Ecodial will recommend a transformer size.

Power sum should be run after every modification !

Division - Name - Date - Language 9

The Power Sum is not compulsory.

POWER SUM IS RECOMMENDED IN BIG PROJECTS !

Division - Name - Date - Language 10

Division - Name - Date - Language 12

Division - Name - Date - Language 13

Load current and breaking capacity identifies circuit breaker

Choice of circuit breaker sets thermal setting

Thermal setting defines minimum theoretical cable CSA

Verification of cable (Sp, Sn, Spe theoretic)

Sizing constraint (overload, voltage drop, user, )

Division - Name - Date - Language 15

Short circuit currents

Division - Name - Date - Language 16

o : resitivity at 20 degrees Celcius (IEC909)

Division - Name - Date - Language 17

Ik3max, Ik2max and Ik1max :

Division - Name - Date - Language 18

Main Load Main lighting Emergency DB feeder Q8

L3 Main motor Q9 Q10

Division - Name - Date - Language 19

Define new circuits :

Run Power Sum

Division - Name - Date - Language 20

Zoom : drag a box around the area to zoom into

Alf F3 = search for a particular circuit based on its name or ID

Moving circuits : drag and drop the selection

Copying circuits (including the characteristics)

Enlarge busbars : select busbar, click on , enlarge bars.

Division - Name - Date - Language 21

Earthing arrangement : a reminder of the earthing arrangement set in the

Distributed neutral : identifies networks that have or have no neutral conductor.

Un Ph-Ph : a reminder of the system voltage. As for the earthing system,

Division - Name - Date - Language 22

Connection : the different windings of the MV/LV transformer

HV operating time : time used to size the transformer to circuit breaker

Division - Name - Date - Language 23

(1,05 Un) 2 R and X of MV network (using CENELEC R064-003 formulas)

Pcu 3 In 2 RT Copper losses (heat loss)

Division - Name - Date - Language 24

Power (kVA) : see previous

Earthing arrangement : see previous