Numerical Investigation of Reynolds

Number and Pitch Ratio Effect on

Lock-in Ability
of an Aeroacoustic Field in Ducted
Flows

Cristina Paduano
Dr.Craig Meskell

Dept. of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering

Trinity College Dublin
 Aeroacoustic Resonance Behavior of
Tube Array
Pressure measurements (heat exchanger)
2000

140 dB
1500
Pa(Pa)

1000

500

0
10 15 20 25 30
V (m/s)

Velocity measurements (heat exchanger)

500
Frequency(Hz)

400

300

200

100 UNPREDICTABLE VELOCITY

EXTENTS OF LOCK IN RANGE
0
10 15 20 25 30 UNKNOWN
V(m/s)
 Aeroacoustic Resonance of Bluff Bodies in
ducted Flows
Noise intensification
It can occur when a Gas Flow in a duct/cavity exhibits Periodic Vortices

HYDRODYNAMIC

Vortex
flow Vortex
shedding at
shedding at
acoustic
acoustic
frequency
frequency
=
Vortex shedding =
Duct acoustic mode

Tonal Off
noise resonanc
is e
frequency
shedding frequency

LOCK-
emitted
NOISE
IN SELF-SUSTAINS
Vortex shedding

Off
resonanc
and ENHANCES
e
Vortex

Flow velocity
 Conditions for resonance
Lock-in map
(EXPERIMENTAL DATA)
CONDITIONS for

Amplitude of the
acoustic wave
RESONANCE

Frequency of vortex
shedding approaches
natural frequency of
duct/cavity
OUR RESEARCH:
OUR RESEARCH:
REYNOLDS NUMBER
REYNOLDS
and PICTHNUMBER
RATIO
and PICTH RATIO
HAS AN EFFECT ON (Hall, Ziada, Weaver data
HAS ANLOCK-IN
EFFECT ON
LOCK-IN -2003)
 CFD Simulation of Aeroacoustic
Resonance
Hydrodynamic Analogy (Tan ,Thompson, Hourigan-2003)

Uacs=Asin(2
fat)

ASVERSAL ACOUSTIC WAVE replaced by the Flow OSCILLATION which it c

SONANCE: fa chosen to be in LOCK-IN ratio with fv

= +
ACOUSTICS INCOMPRESSI OSCILLATING
IS BLE VELOCITY
FLOW (BOUNDARY
COMPRESSIBLE (uRANS, SST) CONDITION)
 Test Cases
Two cylinders in tandem

Pre-coinc. Coinc.
resonance resonance
Four cylinders in square
1

Vortex shedding
Vortex frequency
shedding frequency
Flow velocity
In line multiple cylinder array

Variation of Reynolds number (i.e. Turbulence

variation)
Variation of the Pitch ratio L/D (i.e. Vortex
convective velocity variation)
Two Cylinder Resonance- Reynolds number
dependency
PreCoincidence /=1.2
Pressure, Pascals

Re
yn v
o ld n cy f/f
sn
um ed freque
al i z
be
r Norm

Coincidence /=0.85
Lock in only occurring above
Pressure, Pascals

Re 27000 Reynolds
number dependency

Re
yn
o ld
sn en cy f/fv
qu
um
a l i zed fre
be Norm
r
 LOCK-IN and Velocity contours
Normalized velocity Normalized velocity
WITHOUT EXCITATION case NOT LOCKED IN
(Re=10000)

% V inlet % V inlet

Normalized velocity Normalized velocity

WITHOUT EXCITATION case LOCKED IN
(Re=36000)

% V inlet % V inlet
Validation of results-Lock-in map at
Reynolds 27000
NUMERICAL LOCK-IN MAP
Lock-in map of tandem
cylinders obtained
numerically well compare
with the experimental
EXPERIMENTAL
one(L/D=2.5) LOCK-IN
MAP

(Hall, Ziada, Weaver data

 Acoustic Power
NUMERICAL ACOUSTIC EXPERIMENTAL
POWER<
PreCoincidence ACOUSTIC POWER
PreCoincidence <

(Finnegan, Meskell and Ziada

Coincidence > data-2010)
Coincidence >

Sinks (Flow takes energy from

acoustics)
Four Cylinder Resonance- Coincidence Lock
in
PreCoincidence /=1.1
Pressure, Pascals

Re
yn
old
s v
nu n cy f/f
mb
er ed freque
al i z
Norm

Coincidence /=0.85 Lock in only occurring at

Coincidence and for all
Pressure, Pascals

Reynolds numbers

Re
yn
o ld
sn en cy f/fv
qu
um
a l i zed fre
be Norm
r
LOCK-IN and Velocity contours

Lock in only
occurring at
Coincidence and
for all Reynolds
numbers

Vorticity
diminish at the
Lock in cases.
( as seen for the
Two cylinders)

% V inlet
 Acoustic Power
NUMERICAL ACOUSTIC EXPERIMENTAL
POWER
Coincidence ACOUSTIC POWER
Coincidence >

Coincidence

(Finnegan, Meskell and Ziada

data-2010)

Sinks (Flow takes energy from

acoustics)
 Acoustic Power with Increased Pitch
ratio
NUMERICAL ACOUSTIC EXPERIMENTAL
POWER
Coincidence ACOUSTIC POWER
Coincidence >

Coincidence

(Finnegan, Meskell and Ziada

data-2010)

Sinks (Flow takes energy from

acoustics)
Multiple Cylinder Array Resonance-
Coincidence Lock in
PreCoincidence /=1.1
Pressure, Pascals

Re
yn
old
s v
nu n cy f/f
mb
er ed freque
al i z
Norm

Coincidence /=0.85 Lock in only occurring at

Coincidence and for all
Pressure, Pascals

Reynolds numbers

Re
yn
o ld
sn en cy f/fv
qu
um
a l i zed fre
be Norm
r
LOCK-IN and Velocity contours

Lock in only
occurring at
Coincidence and
for all Reynolds
numbers

Vorticity
diminish at the
Lock in cases.
( as seen for the
Two cylinders)

% V inlet
 Acoustic Power
NUMERICAL ACOUSTIC EXPERIMENTAL
POWER
Coincidence ACOUSTIC POWER
Coincidence >

Coincidence

(Finnegan, Meskell and Ziada

data-2010)

Sinks (Flow takes energy from

acoustics)
 Acoustic Power with Increased Pitch
ratio
NUMERICAL ACOUSTIC EXPERIMENTAL
POWER
Coincidence ACOUSTIC POWER
Coincidence >

Coincidence

(Finnegan, Meskell and Ziada

data-2010)

Sinks (Flow takes energy from

acoustics)
Comments