P.

Vigneshwaran
ME-Thermal Engg
 WHAT IS AN HCCI ENGINE?

HCCI is a form of internal
combustion in which the fuel and
air are compressed to the point
of auto ignition.
That means no spark is required
to ignite the fuel/air mixture Traditional
combustion (left)
Creates the same amount of uses a spark to
power as a traditional engine, ignite the mixture.
HCCI (right) uses
but uses less fuel. piston compression
for a more
complete ignition.

 WORKING

A given concentration of fuel
and air will spontaneously ignite
when it reaches its auto-ignition
temperature.
The concentration/temperature
can be controlled several ways:
High compression ratio
Preheating of induction gases
Forced induction
Retaining or reintroducing
exhaust gases

 CONTROL METHODS

Variable Compression Ratio
Variable Induction Temperature
Variable Exhaust Gas Percentage
Variable Valve Actuation
Variable Fuel Ignition Quality
 CONTROL METHODS

VARIABLE COMPRESSION RATIO

Compression ratio can be changed with a

movable plunger at the top of the cylinder head.
Used in "Diesel" model aircraft engines.
The effective compression ratio can be reduced
from the geometric ratio by closing the intake
valve either very late or very early with some
form of variable valve actuation.
 CONTROL METHODS

VARIABLE INDUCTION TEMPERATURE

In HCCI engines, the auto ignition event is highly

sensitive to temperature.
The simplest method uses resistance heaters to
vary the inlet temperature, but this approach is slow.
Fast Thermal Management (FTM) is accomplished by
rapidly varying the cycle to cycle intake charge
temperature by rapidly mixing hot and cold air
streams.
 CONTROL METHODS

VARIABLE EXHAUST GAS PERCENTAGE

Exhaust has dual effects on HCCI combustion

Dilutes the fresh charge, delaying ignition and
reducing the chemical energy and engine work.
Control of combustion timing in HCCI engines is
done using EGR-Exhaust Gas Recirculation.
 CONTROL METHODS

VARIABLE VALVE ACTUATION

Proven to extend the HCCI operating region by

giving finer control over the temperature-
pressure-time history within the combustion
chamber
Done by 2 methods
Controlling the effective compression ratio
Controlling the amount of hot exhaust gas
retained in the combustion chamber
 CONTROL METHODS

VARIABLE FUEL IGNITION QUALITY

Operating range is to control the onset of

ignition and the heat release rate
Blending fuels upstream of the engine
Having two fuel circuits
 PROPERTIES OF HCCI

High peak pressures and heat release rates
Power
Emissions
Difference from Knock
 SIMULATION

The development of computational models for
simulating combustion and heat release rates
of HCCI engines has required the
advancement of detailed chemistry models.
Ignition is most sensitive to chemical kinetics
rather than turbulence/spray or spark
processes.
 PROTOTYPES

In 2007-2009, General Motors has demonstrated
HCCI with a modified 2.2 L Family II engine
installed in Opel Vectra and Saturn Aura.
Mercedes-Benz has developed a prototype
engine called Dies Otto displayed their concept
car at the 2007 Frankfurt Auto Show.
Volkswagen are developing two types of engine
for HCCI operation-Combined Combustion
System or CCS & Gasoline Compression Ignition
or GCI.
 ADVANTAGES

Can achieve up to 30% fuel savings.
Lower peak temperature leads to cleaner
combustion/lower emissions & low Nox emissions.
Can use gasoline, diesel, or most alternative fuels.
Since these engines are fuel-lean we can operate
at compression ratios >15 thus getting higher
efficiency than SI engines.
The omission of throttle losses improves HCCI
efficiency
 DISADVANTAGES

Higher cylinder peak pressures may damage
the engine.
Auto-ignition is difficult to control.
HCCI Engines have a smaller power range.
The autoignition event is difficult to control.

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