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Construction Technology-1
1. Definition
A stair is a set (series) of steps, leading
from one floor to the other, provided to
afford the various floors of a building.
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2. Technical terms
1. Tread- Upper horizontal portion of a step upon
which the foot is placed, while ascending or
descending.
7. Step Dimensions
- Width of landing should not less than width of
stairs.
8. Materials of Construction
- Materials should provide a sufficient strength, fire
resistance.
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5. Types of STEPS
Newel Post
Wall
Newel Post
UP
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2. Bull nose step- Starting step near the newel forms the
quadrant of a circle.
Newel Post
Wall
Newel Post
Quadrant of a circle
UP
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Newel Post
Wall
Newel Post
Semi-circle
UP
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Newel Post
Wall
Newel Post
Splayed edge
UP
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Newel Post
Wall
Newel Post
Curved edge
UP
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Dancing Step
UP
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UP
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6. Classification of STAIRS
1. Straight flight stairs
2. Turning stairs
a) Quarter turn stairs
b) Half turn stairs
i. Dog-legged stairs
ii. Open-well stairs
c) Three quarter turn stairs
d) Bifurcated stairs
3. Geometrical stairs
a) Circular stairs
b) Spiral stairs
c) Helical stairs
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2. With winders
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i. Dog-legged stairs
Space= 150-1000 mm
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Used, where space available is too small and the traffic is less.
Used, as a emergency stairs and are provided at the backside
of the building.
Usually made either of RCC or metal.
All the steps are winders, joined centrally with the vertical
newel post/ column.
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1. Elevators (lifts),
2. Escalators.
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7.2. Escalators
1. An escalator is a power driven, continuous moving
stairway designed to transport passengers up and down short
vertical distances (inclined).
2. Escalators are used in shopping centres, hotels and
public buildings.
3. Escalators move at approx. 0.3 0.6 m/s.
4. Max angle of inclination of an escalator 30
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2. The truss
i. It is a hollow metal structure that bridges the lower and
upper landings.
ii. It is composed of two side sections joined together with
cross braces across the bottom and just below the top.
iii. The ends of the truss are attached to the top and bottom
landing platforms via steel/ concrete supports.
iv. The truss carries all the straight track sections connecting
the upper and lower sections.
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3. The tracks
i. The track system is built into the truss to guide the step
chain, which continuously pulls the steps from the bottom
platform and back to the top in an endless loop.
ii. There are two tracks-one for the front wheels of the steps
(called the step wheel track)- another for the back
wheels of the steps (the trailer-wheel track)
iii. The tracks carry the steps down along the underside of the
truss until they reach the bottom landing, where they pass
through another curved section track before existing the
bottom landing.
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4. The steps
i. The steps are solid, one-piece, aluminum.
ii. Rubber mats affixed to their surface to reduce slippage,
and yellow lines added to indicate their edges.
iii. The steps are linked by a continuous metal chain so they
form a closed loop with each step.
iv. The position of the track controls the orientation of the
steps.
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5. The railing
i. It provides a convenient handhold for passengers.
ii. 4-distinct sections
a) Slider- allow the railing to move smoothly along its
track.
b) Tension member- consists of steel cable, which
provides the handrail with the necessary tensile
strength and flexibility.
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3.24 m
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Assignment Questions