COMPUTER NETWORKS

AND THE INTERNET

Computer Network
It is two or more computers that connected together
to provide access to shared resources (printer, data
storage, ).
Requirements:
Two or more systems
Something to share
Physical pathway
Protocols (rules of communication)
 Internet
Internet: It is a network of globally connected
computers that is decentralized by design.
Host: each computer connected to the internet.
Intranet: a closed version of the internet which can
be only accessed by authorized members of an
organization.
Extranet: is an Intranet which is partially
accessible to authorized outsiders.
Internet
World Wide Web: is a service offered on the
internet for viewing information on the internet.
Requirements for an internet connection:
Computer
Internet host

Physical connection to the internet

Internet software(TCP /IP or PPP software)

Internet application software

Internet
Internet access options:
Dial-up: telephone line
Broadband: DSL

Fiber optic

Wi-Fi

USB modem

Satellite internet access

Internet Terminology
Client: any computer on the network that requests
services from another computer on the network.
Server: is a computer that receives requests from
client computers, processes these requests, and
sends the output to the respective client computers.
Web server: is a computer that is dedicated to
provide Web services to clients on the internet.
Internet Terminology
Web page: any page that is hosted on the internet.
Web development: is the process of creating web
pages for a web site that will be hosted on the
internet.
Navigating the web:
Text links
Buttons

Image maps

Graphic objects
Internet Terminology
Browser: is an application used to view information
on the world wide web (Internet Explorer, Opera, ).
Search engine: is a tool designed to search for
information on the www (Google.com, Ask.com,
Yahoo.com,).
HTML (HyperText Markup Language): is the
programming language used to build web sites.
ISP (Internet Service Provider): is the company helps
users to connect to the internet for monthly fee.
URL
Uniform Resource Locator
Example:

http://www.epa.gov/owow/index.html
http: is the protocol

www.epa.gov: is the full name of the server

owow: is the path

index.html: is the file (whose content is written in

HTML)
URL
Domains
.com: commercial enterprises
.org: non-profit organizations
.edu: educational institutions
.net: network organizations
.mil: military services
.uk: United Kingdom
.eg: Egypt
Email
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol):
Is the protocol that defines the rules for handling
your outgoing mail (the email you send).
POP3 (Post Office Protocol version 3):
Is the protocol that defines the rules for handling
your incomming mail (the email you receive).