FOOD SCARCITY AND WATER

INSECURITY IN PAKISTAN

Hamza Khan & Laraib bin Adnan

 Outline
Domestic perspective

Causes, solutions and efforts

International perspective
Food insufficiency and shortage
Agricultural based economy

Food insufficiency ever since establishment

- Ayubs policies
- Current schemes

Internal & external factors

 Asian development bank 50% increase in food supply

Water scarcity level 1000 cm3 (1068cm3)

Production of wheat 20m tons, 3-4m tons imported

Exports to Afghanistan
Governments stance
Not effectively addressed

Pakistan vision 2025

- food and water scarcity 4th pillar

- goal 16, reduction of food insecure population

Reasons for this shortage
Lack of modernization/mechanization

Low income

Population growth (198m; 225.5m by 2025)

Certified seeds

Expensive fertilizers

Poor irrigational facilities

- canal system eroding lands
- tube wells available to few big farmers
Kisaan relief package
341b rupees
- 147b direct benefit
- 194b as loans

Subsidy fund lowering fertilizer cost

Supply of LNG production of Urea

7b rupees as electricity concession @Rs 10.35/unit

Interest free loans solar power tube wells

Global Perspective
Global population will be 9 billion by 2050 (World Bank).
50% more food.
Reduced crop yields.
Natural resources.
Human institutions.
WTO estimates:-
2750 Cal. > 2100 Cal.
UNFAO estimates
One in nine people in world is severely under nourished.
One in eight in developing countries (780 million).
Pakistan, India and Bangladesh (280 million).
Slow progress in Southern Asia.
Millennium Development Goals (12.9>11.6).
Children and Malnourishment
161 million stunted children in 2013.
Half of all stunted children in Asia and one third in Africa.
Stunting declined by 25% in last fifteen years.
Wasting.
2/3 of wasted children in Asia and 1/3 in Africa.
Micro nutrients
Iron.
Anemia in developing countries.
Maternity deaths, cognitive impairment and fatigue.
Vitamin A deficiency.
Night blindness and reduced resistance.
Iodine deficiency.
Still birth and mental retardation.
Iodized salt.
Global causes of hunger
Poverty ( improvement from threshold level but still too
little).
Conflicts ( IDPs and CARs).
Represent 21 % of undernourished population (172
million).
Poor agricultural policies.
World population.
Climate change.
Hunger causes poverty.
Agricultural Economics
One billion malnourished and a billion obese.
Quantity and economic accessibility.
Food and Commodity prices (developed and developing).
Sustainable production.
The two barriers (Transportation and regulation).
Poverty the main hindrance.
Water Crisis
Intolerable strain on existing resources.
Climate Change.
Imminent displacements.
Water scarce (1.6 to 2.8 billion in 2025).
Sao Paulo and California droughts.
Indus Water treaty and the external threat

The BJP government and Uri attack (political promise).

Original sins.
Reservoir capacity.
India allowed 3.6 MAF.
Capacity of Mangla 9-10.
Can India actually turn the tap off??
Kharif and Rabi.
Strategic Weapon.
Beneficiary of IWT (Rajhistan)
Better utilization.
THANK YOU!