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GSM Vs WCDMA
GSM WCDMA
Services : Voice & Data Services : Voice, data, Video
Speed : 9.6kbps (FR, HR, EFR) Speed : 12.8kbps-4.5 kbps (AMR)
Modulation Scheme : GMSK Modulation scheme : QPSK
Nodes : MSC, BSC, BTS, ME Nodes: SMSC, MGW, RNC, RBS, UE
Air interfaces : Abis, A, Ater, Gb etc Air interfaces : Iu-CS, Iu-PS, Uu etc
BW : 25 MHz with 200 KHz per carrier. BW : 60 MHz, with 5 MHz spread BW.
Channels : BCCH, PCH, SDDCH, Channels: CPICH, PRACH, DPDCH,
FACCH, RACH, etc DPCCH etc
Access Method : TDMA Access Method : Spread Spectrum
Access Media : TDM technique with wide bandwidth.
Multipath Fading : Viterbi Equalizer. Access Media : ATM, IP, TDM
Coding scheme : CS1 (9.6kbps) To Multipath fading : Rake reciever
CS4 (21.4 kbps) Coding Scheme : MCS1(8.8kbps) to
BSC to BSC no direct connectivity MCS9 (59.2kbps)
AUC : Triplets (SRES, Ki, RAND) RNC to RNC connectivity via MGW.
AUC : Vector-5 ( XRES, Ik, RAND, Ck,
AUTN)
AUTN : MAC + SQN + Ak + AMF
3GPP Releases
R99, R4, R5, R6 etc.
Media gateway introduced in R99.
IMS introduced in R4.
HSDPA introduced in R5.
EUL introduced in R6.
RACH
Note : AICH (Acquisition Indicator channel) uses 20 msec as it consist of 2 frames (means 30 slots).
Power Control
Open Loop : When UE is IDLE, No air interface link.
In GSM, RACH is sent with max. power.
In WCDMA, RACH is sent with min. power.
Inner Loop (fast power control): When UE connected.
SIR) target< SIR)estimat-----Reduce Power
SIR) target> SIR)estimat-----Increase Power
Frequency of commanding for power control:
GSM : 2 times/sec ; CDMA : 800 times/sec ; WCDMA : 1500
times/sec.
Outer loop (Slow power control) : RNC to control BLER.
BLER high------Quality low-----SIR) target increase.
BLER low------Quality high-----SIR) target reduce.
Handover Mechanism
Softer Handover: Intra site handover (within two sector of same
site.
Hard Handover:
Inter frequency (IF): WCDMA f1 and WCDMA f2.
Inter Radio Access technology (IRAT): WCDMA to GSM.
Rake reciever
Deployed in UE to avoid Multipath fading.
At least 4 rake receiver and 1 search finger is deployed.
Inner loop power control is used to overcome the fast fading.
Maximum ratio Combiner (MRC) is employed as combining
technique.