Plant and Inorganic

Nutrients
- Christine Apriyani
- Najatul Ubadati
 Types and Functions Needed Nutrients Plant
Essential Nutrients
Essential elements(essential element)is a chemical element needed by plants
to complete their life cycle and produce another generation.
Nine essential elements are called macronutrients(macronurient)because the
plant requires a large amount of the element.Six of them are major
components of organic compounds that form the structure of plants, is
Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Sulfur.Another third
macronutrient is Potassium, Calcium and Magnesium.
 Types and Functions Needed
Nutrients Plant
Eight other essential elements are called
micronutrients(micronutrient)because the plants need these elements in small
amounts.Which includes micronutrients are Chlorine, Iron, Manganese,
Boron, Zinc, Copper, Nickel and Molybdenum
The main function of micronutrients in the body of plants is as a cofactor,
which nonprotein helpers in enzymatic reactions.
 Forms are
% Mass in
Element available for The main function
Dry Network
Plants
Macronutrient
Carbon CO2 45% The main components of organic compounds plant.
Oxygen CO2 45% The main components of organic compounds plant.
Hydrogen H2O 6% The main components of organic compounds plant.
Nitrogen NO3-,NH4+ 1.5% Components of nucleic acids, proteins, hormones,
chlorophyll, and coenzyme.
Potassium K+ 1.0% Cofactor that functions in protein synthesis, solvents main
function in the balance of water, stomata work.
Calcium Ca2+ 0.5% Important in the formation and stability of the cell wall as
well as the maintenance of the structure and permeability
of the membrane, activates several enzymes, regulate the
response to the stimulus.
Magnesium mg2+ 0.2%
Component of chlorophyll, activates various enzymes.
Phosphor H2PO4-,HPO4 0.2% Components of nucleic acids, phospholipids, ATP, some
2- coenzyme.
sulfur SO42- 0.1% A protein component, coenzyme
Micronutrients
Chlorine Cl- 0.01% Needed for water splitting step in photosynthesis,
functioning in water balance.
Iron Fe3+,Fe2+ 0.01% Cytochrome component, activates several enzymes.

Mangan Mn2+ 0.005% Active in the formation of amino acids, activates several
enzymes necessary for the breakdown of the water during
photosynthesis

boron H2BO3- 0.002% Cofactor in the synthesis of chlorophyll, may be involved in

the transport of carbohydrates and nucleic acid synthesis,
play a role in the function of the cell wall.

Zinc Zn2+ 0.002% Active in the formation of chlorophyll, activates several

enzymes.
Copper Cu+,Cu2+ 0.001% Components of a variety of redox reactions and enzymes
lignin -biosintetik.
Nickel Ni2+ 0.001% Cofactor for an enzyme that functions in the metabolism of
nitrogen.
molybdenum MoO42- 0.0001% Essential to a mutualistic relationship with bacteria
pemfiksasi Nitrogen, cofactors in nitrate reduction.
 Nutrition beneficially
Beneficial Nutritionsis a useful element for plant growth but do not meet the
rules of essential nutrients because if these elements are not present, plant
growth will not be disturbed.
 ELEMENT ROLE
Silicon (Si) Available in the form ofsilicicacid(H4SiO4)slightly dissolved, the movement in
plants through transpiration stream in the xylem, plays an important role for growth,
mineral nutrition, and resistance to fungal diseases.
Sodium (Na) Substitute K for some plants, such as spinach andbeet sugar,in small quantities to
increase the size of tomatoes, an element can be useful in low concentrations and
harmful at high concentrations
Cobalt (Co) Accelerate pollination, increase the protein content Legums, maximizing the formation
of chloroplasts and pigments, essential for symbioticN2fixation by Legums.
Vanadium (V) N2fixation together with Mo, V and Mo, contribute to the early stages of seed
germination.
Lithium (Li) Some plants require higher Li concentrations, transport sugars from the leaves to the
roots of thesugarbeet, increase chlorophyll content in potato and pepper.
Rubidium (Rb) Substitute K at P and NH4-N in high concentrations.
Strontium (Sr) Substitute Ca as Ca should be available to many.
Aluminum (Al) Useful in plants that accumulate Al (Al found in DNA and RNA).
Selenium (Se) Substitute S-S in the amino acid in wheat.
Iodine (I) Stimulate the growth of plants, cellulose synthesis and process lignifikasi on stem
tissue, along with elements of Cl tolerant of acidity.
Silver (Ag) Induction of flowering.
 Signs A Nutrient Deficiency
and Toxicity
Nutrient Deficiency Signs
o If a certain plant nutrient deficiency (essential elements) it will cause a
mark or physical symptoms such as damage to the body of certain plant
parts (roots, stems, and leaves), is called a deficiency.
o Symptoms of deficiency depends partly on mineral functions as a nutrient.
o Symptoms of iron deficiency not only depend on the role of nutrients, but
also the mobility in plants.
o A nutrient needs of plants can also changes by year and age of plants.
 Signs A Nutrient Deficiency
and Toxicity
Deficiency of Phosphorus, Potassium, and especially Nitrogen is
most common.Scarcity of micronutrients are rare and tend to
occur in the geographical area tertent due to differences in soil
composition.
The following will explain symptoms due to a shortage of certain
essential elements, which are as follows.
 Signs A Nutrient Deficiency
and Toxicity
C, H, and O is the main componentof organic herbssenyawa,a very
important element in the formation of carbohydrates.Disadvantages of these
elements can cause interference in the process of photosynthesis.
 Signs A Nutrient Deficiency
and Toxicity
Nitrogen (N) is the nutrient required in large quantities, constitute all the
amino acids, so also protein, also constituent nucleic acids, chlorophyll,and
compound essential for metabolism. Nitrogen deficiency symptoms are the
leaves of the plant was experiencing chlorosis, which isthe color of the leaves
become pale and fall off before adulthood.Often arise reddish color in the
leaves.
 Signs A Nutrient Deficiency
and Toxicity
Potassium (K), a special functionfor plantsstillunknown.Kalim is
important to help the enzyme system, which is to facilitate certain
biochemical reactions.Due to potassium deficiency symptoms on leaves are
chlorotic spots arise accompanied with patches on the tips and edges of
leaves.
 Signs A Nutrient Deficiency
and Toxicity
Calcium (Ca),required for the preparation of cell wall, obtained from
concentrated potassium.
 Signs A Nutrient Deficiency
and Toxicity
Magnesium (Mg),ametal element necessary for the formation of plant
chlorophyll molecules.Deficiency symptoms will arise chlorosis between the
veins are often followed by the onset of redness.
 Signs A Nutrient Deficiency
and Toxicity
Phosphorus(P),an element of the nucleic acids, phospholipids, and ATP.P
also plays a role in the formation of RNA and DNA.
 Signs A Nutrient Deficiency
and Toxicity
Sulphur (S) is also involved in the metabolism of proteins that form disulfide
bonds.S deficiency symptoms due to almost equalto N deficiency
symptoms, just do not give rise to a reddish color
 Signs A Nutrient Deficiency
and Toxicity
Iron (Fe), despite not being a constituent of plant chlorophyll but
indispensable for the formation of chlorophyll.Fe deficiency in the form
ofFe2+ionscan cause chlorosis.Leaf becomes pale, while the leaf veins
remain green.
 Signs A Nutrient Deficiency
and Toxicity
Manganese (Mn) is a micronutrient that activates several enzymes
dehydrogenase and carboxylase.Mn deficiency can have effects such as Fe
and Mg deficiency, namely chlorosis.
 Signs A Nutrient Deficiency
and Toxicity
Boron (B), such as Fe also a micronutrient that is essential, but its function in
the body is not yet clear.Symptoms of deficiency B is part of the growth
began to die like illness shoots ortop sicknesson tobacco, yellowing of the
cabbage, and rolling the leaves of potato.
 Signs A Nutrient Deficiency
and Toxicity
Zinc (Zn), a micronutrient that is essential in activating enzymes, needed in
indolasetat acid formation.Zn deficiency caused a one grow at the root end
and ultimately hinder further growth
 Signs A Nutrient Deficiency
and Toxicity
Copper (Cu), micronutrients involved in redox reactions.
 Signs A Nutrient Deficiency
and Toxicity
Molybdenum (Mo), micronutrients is the least necessary, important in
reducing nitrate.Mo deficiency resulted in disruption of plant growth .
 Toxicity Signs Nutrients
Toxicity is a condition that indicates toxic effects (poison) due to the presence
in plants exceeds the amount needed.
 Relationship between Land Excessive
fertilization, plasmolysis process,
and wilting

Fertilizer is a material that is added tothe growing mediaorplantsto meet

the needs ofnutrientsthat plants need so that they can produce
well.Material fertilizer materials can beorganicor inorganic
(mineral).Fertilizer is different froma supplement.Fertilizer contains the
necessary raw materials plant growth and development, while supplements
such asplant hormoneto help smooth the process of metabolism .
 Relationship between Land Excessive
fertilization, plasmolysis process,
and wilting
Giving too much fertilizer can harm plants.Plant cells when placed in
hypertonic environment, such as when added fertilizer (NPK, KCl, or urea) in
excess, it can cause the release of water from vakoula.Shrunken cytoplasm
and plasma membrane detached from the cell wall.This is what is called
plasmolysis.Turgor potential decreases to reach zero and can lead to wilting
plasmolysis even if the water loss from the plant continues beyond the limits
of his control
 Relationship between Land
Excessive fertilization, plasmolysis
process, and wilting

Plasmolysis if it continues, it will cause the plants to lose fluid in the body so
the plants wither.Wilting is not too severe (plant cells have not been
damaged) then they can be overcome by watering the plants.But if it has
damaged kelayuan cell then the cell will die and not be overcome with water
and watering the plants will die.
THANK YOU