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Geotechnical Engineering
Standard Penetration Test
JAMIA MILLIA
ISLAMIA
INTRODUCTION
Especially for
test sampled
USEFUL IN
FINDING
OUT
INSTRUMENTS
1. DRILLING EQUIPMENT FOR
BOREHOLES:
Any drilling
equipment is
acceptable that
provides a
reasonably clean
hole, which is at
least 5 mm larger
than the sampler or
INSTRUMENTS
2. SPLIT SPOON SAMPLER
It is a sampler for obtaining
a disturbed sample of soil
and consists of-
oDriving shoe : Made of
tool-steel, about 75 mm
long
oSteel Tube : 450 mm
long, split longitudinally in
two halves
oCoupling : 150 mm long,
provided at the top
oCheck Valve
o4 Venting Ports : 10 mm
INSTRUMENTS
3. DRIVE WEIGHT ASSEMBLY
Hammer of 63.5 kg
A driving Head (Anvil)
A guide permitting a free
fall of 0.76 m and over lift
capability of at least 100
mm.
INSTRUMENTS
4. CATHEAD
Operating at
approximately 100 rpm
Equipped with suitable
rope and overhead
sheave for lifting drive-
weight
5) HAMMER
a) Safety Hammer
Closed system
Delivers
approximately 60% of
the maximum free fall
energy
Highly variable energy
transfer
b) Donut
Hammer
Open system
Delivers
approximately
45% of the
maximum free fall
energy
Highly variable
c) Automatic Hammer
Safest system
Delivers
approximately 95 -
100% of the
maximum free fall
energy
Consistent and
effective energy
transfer
Increased
PROCEDURE New 1.DRILLING OF
Picture Effects
BOREHOLE
Drill the borehole to the desired
sampling depth and clean out all
disturbed material.
The equipment used shall provide a
clean borehole, 100 to 150 mm in
diameter, for insertion of the
sampler to ensure that the
penetration test is performed on
undisturbed soil.
Casing shall be used when drilling in
sand, soft clay or other soils in which
the sides of borehole are likely to
PROCEDURE 2.Driving the Casing
Where casing is used, it shall not be
driven below the level at which the
test is made or soil sample is taken.
In the case of cohesion less soils
which cannot stand without casing,
the advancement of the casing pipe
should be such that it does not
disturb the soil to be tested or
sampled; the casing shall preferably
be advanced by slowly turning the
casing rather than by driving, as the
vibration caused by driving may
alter the density of such deposits
PROCEDURE
3. ASSEMBLING EQUIPMENT
corrections
According to them,
APPLIED
FACTORS COMMENTS
Attitude of operators Blow counts for the same soil using the
same rig can vary, depending on who is
operating the rig, and perhaps the mood of
operator and time of drilling.
Overdrive sampler Higher blow counts usually result from an
overdriven sampler.
Overwashing ahead of Low blow count may result for dense sand
casing since overwashing loosens sand.
Free fall of the drive Using more than 1-1/2 turns of rope around
weight the drum and or using wire cable will
is not attained restrict the fall of the drive weight.
Not using a good tip on If the tip is damaged and reduces the
the sampling spoon opening or increases the end area the N-
value can be increased.
Use of drill rods heavier With heavier rods more energy is absorbed
than standard by the rods causing
an increase in the blow count.
CORRELATIONS BETWEEN SPT AND SOIL PROPERTIES
- Relative Density
- Effective Stress Friction
Angle
- Unconfined Compressive
Strength
*Some correlations require the raw N-values whereas
others use the corrected N-values.
Relative Density
Unconfined Compressive Strength Of Cohe
ADVANTAGES