Joint Analyse

Walking: Lower limb

Fon, June, Earn Group C

The Bone Involved
Tibia
Femur
Patella
Tarsal
Fibula
Metatarsal Bone
Phalanges
The Joint Involved
Hip Joint
Position

Between the head of the femur amd

acetabulum of hip bone

Ball and socket joint

Movement

flexion, extension, abdution,

adduction, rotation, and
circumduction
Tibiofemoral Joint & Patellofemoral Joint
Position

Between femur, tibia, and patella

Hinge joint between tibia and

femur

Gliding joint between patella and

femur

Movement

Flexion, extension, and slight

rotation of tibia on femur
when knee is flexed
Ankle Joint
Position:
located between
the tibia and
fibula (which
form a socket,
and the trochlea
of the talus)
Movement:
Transverse Tarsal
Joint
Position:
Between
Talonavicular
and
calcaneocuboid
Movement
non-axial
gliding joint
MTP Joint (Metatarsal-phalangeal
Joint)
Position:
between the
metatarsal bones
and the phalanges
(toes) of the toes.
Movement:
Dorsiflexion
Plantarflexion
Stages of walking
DIVIDED INTO 2 PHASES
Stance phase :

Included initial contact, loading response, midstance, terminal

stance, and pre swing.
 Swing phase :

Included initial swing, midswing and terminal swing.

Initial Contact or Heel Strike
The foot hits the ground by heel first.

Muscles involved :
Gluteus maximus

Tibialis anterior

Hamstring
Loading Response or Foot Flat
When the sole of the foot contacts the ground.

Muscle involved :
Quadriceps femoris
Midstance
When the leg is perpendicular to the ground.

Single limb support.

Muscles involved :
Triceps surae

Gluteus medius
Terminal Stance or Heel Off
The heel of right foot rises while its toes are
still in contact with the ground.

Muscle involved :

Triceps surae
Iliopsoas
Pre Swing or Toe Off
The foot prepares the leave the ground.

Heel first, toes last

Muscles involved:
Hamstring

Quadriceps
Initial Swing
Just after the toe off, the reference leg is above the

ground and starts swinging forward

Muscle involved :

Quadriceps

Iliopsoas
Mid Swing
It is the portion of swing phase when the right

leg passes directly below the body.

Muscle involved :

Hamstring
Terminal swing
From end of mid-swing to the point when the foot

makes contact with the floor.

Muscles involved :
Hamstring
Quadriceps

Tibialis anterior