Process-Oriented Layout

Place departments with large flows

of material or people together

Department areas having similar

processes are located in close
proximity
e.g., All x-ray machines in same
area
Emergency Room Layout

E.R.Triage Patient A -
room broken leg

Patient B - erratic
pacemaker

Hallway

E.R. beds Pharmacy Billing/exit

Steps in Developing a
Process-Oriented Layout
Construct a from-to matrix

Determine space requirements for each

department

Develop an initial schematic diagram

Determine the cost of this layout

By trial-and-error (or more sophisticated means),

try to improve the initial layout

Prepare a detailed plan that evaluates factors in

addition to transportation cost
Cost of Process-Oriented
Layout

n n
Minimize cost X ijCij
i 1j1
where n total number of work centers or departments
i, j individual departments
X ij number of loads moved from department i to department j
Cij cost to move a load between department i and department j
 Interdepartmental Flow of
Parts
1 2 3 4 5 6

1 50 100 0 0 20
2 30 50 10 0

3 20 0 100
4 50 0
5 0
6
Possible Layout 1
Room 1 Room 2 Room
3
Assembly Printing Machine shop
Department Department Department
(1) (2) (3)

40
Receiving Shipping Testing
Department Department Department
(4) (5) (6)

Room 4 Room 5 Room 6

60
 Interdepartmental Flow Graph
Showing Number of Weekly
Loads
10
0
1 2 3
50 30

20
100
50 20
10

4 5 6
50
 Interdepartmental Flow Graph
Showing Number of Weekly Loads
30

1 2 3
50 10
0

50 20 20 100
10

4 5 6
50
Possible Layout 2
Room 1 Room 2 Room 3
Printing Assembly Machine shop
Department Department Department
(1) (2) (3)

40
Receiving Shipping Testing
Department Department Department
(4) (5) (6)

Room 4 Room 5 Room 6

60
Cellular Layout - Work Cells
Special case of product-oriented
layout - in what is ordinarily a
process-oriented facility

Consists of different machines

brought together to make a product

Temporary arrangement only

Example: Assembly line set up to

produce 3000 identical parts in a job
shop
Improving Layouts by Moving
to the Work Cell Concept
 Work Cell Advantages

Inventory
Equipment
Floor space
utilization
Direct labor costs
Employee
participation
Quality
Work Cell Floor Plan

Saws Drills Office

Work Cell
Tool Room
 Work Cells, Focused Work
Centers and the Focused Factory
Work Cell A temporary assembly-line-oriented arrangement of
machines and personnel in what is ordinarily a
process-oriented facility
Example: job shop with rearranged machinery and
personnel to produce 30 unique control panels

Focused Work A permanent assembly-line-oriented arrangement of

Center machines and personnel in what is ordinarily a
process-oriented facility
Example: manufacturing of pipe brackets at a
shipyard
Focused Factory A permanent facility to produce a product or
component in a product-oriented facility
Example: a plant to produce window mechanisms
for automobiles