Reproduction System

By:
Maharini, S.Pd
Anik Rahmawati, S.Pd
SMP Negeri 1 Ponorogo
 Learning Objective

Students be able to identify the various structures of

the male reproductive systems and state their
functions;
Students be able to identify the various structures of
the female reproductive systems and state their
functions;
Introduction
Reproduction is the process that continues life on
Earth
Males and females each have structures specialized
for their roles in reproduction.
Hormones are the key to how the human reproductive
system functions,
Sex hormones are necessary for the development of
sexual characteristics, such as breast development in
females and facial hair growth in males.
Hormones from the pituitary gland also begin the
production of eggs in females and sperm in males.
Eggs and sperm transfer hereditary information from
one generation to the next.
Male Human Reproductive Organ and
Function
Organ Function
Testes (biji zakar) Produces sperm
Scrotum (buah Place of testes
zakar)
Penis Canal sperms from testes to
vagina
Sperm duct (vas Canal sperms from testes to
deferens) the urethra
urethra Canal sperm and urine out of
the body
Seminal gland Produces fluid enabling sperms
to move
Prostat gland Produce liquid to flow to sperm
tube
Female Human Reproductive
Organ and Function
Organ Function
Ovaries Produce eggs and sex
hormones
Oviduct or fallopian Channels an egg from
tube ad ovary to the uterus
and place of fertilization
Uterus Place of developing
embryo and fetus
Vagina Receives sperms from
outside and lets a baby
pass through at birth
cervix Duct which connect
uterus and vagina and
1. The Male Reproductive System
1.1 THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE
ORGANS
The male reproductive system:
1) external organs: penis and scrotum (contains two
organs called testes => begin to produce
testosterone, the male hormone, and sperm).
Because the scrotum is located outside the body
cavity, the testes, where sperm are produced, are
kept at a lower temperature than the rest of the
body. Sperm are produced in greater numbers at
lower temperatures.
2) Internal organs
1.2 SPERM
 Sperm are male reproductive cells
Each sperm cell has a head and tail. The head
contains hereditary information, and the tail
moves the sperm.
A gland called the seminal vesicle provides
sperm with a fluid. This fluid supplies the
sperm with an energy source and helps them
move. This mixture of sperm and fluid is
called semen.
 2. SPERM TRAVELING
1. After sperm are produced, they travel from the
testes through sperm ducts that circle the bladder.
2. Behind the bladder, a gland called the seminal
vesicle provides sperm with a fluid. Sperm mix with
fluid, now sperm with the fluid called semen.
3. Semen leaves the body through the urethra,
4. which is the same tube that carries urine from the
body. However, semen and urine never mix.
5. A muscle at the back of the bladder contracts to
prevent urine from entering the urethra as sperm
leave the body.
2. The Female Reproductive
System
2.1 THE OVARIES
Unlike male reproductive organs, most of the
reproductive organs of the female are inside the
body.
The ovariesthe female sex organsare located

in the lower part of the body cavity. Each of the

two ovaries is about the size and shape of an
almond.
The two ovaries release eggs on alternating
months. One month, an egg is released from an
ovary. The next month, the other ovary releases
an egg, and so on.
2.2 The Egg
When a female is born, she already has all of the
cells in her ovaries that eventually will develop into
eggsthe female reproductive cells.
At puberty, eggs start to develop in her ovaries
because of specific sex hormones.
About once a month, an egg is released from an
ovary in a hormone-controlled process called
ovulation
After the egg is released, it enters the oviduct. If a
sperm fertilizes the egg, it usually happens in an
oviduct. Short, hair like structures called cilia help
sweep the egg through the oviduct toward the
uterus.
FERTILIZATION
FERTILISATION
2.3 The Uterus
 The uterus is a hollow, pear-shaped,
muscular organ with thick walls in which a
fertilized egg develops. The lower end of the
uterus, the cervix, narrows and is connected
to the outside of the body by a muscular
tube called the vagina. The vagina also is
called the birth canal because during birth, a
baby travels through this tube from the
uterus to the outside of the mothers body.
 The menstrual cycle is the monthly cycle of
changes in the female reproductive system.
Before and after an egg is released from an ovary,
the uterus undergoes changes. The menstrual cycle
of a human female averages 28 days. However,
the cycle can vary in some individuals from 20 to
40 days.
Changes include the maturing of an egg, the
production of female sex hormones, the
preparation of the uterus to receive a fertilized
egg, and menstrual flow.
Endocrine Control
 Hormones control the entire menstrual cycle.
The pituitary gland responds to chemical
messages from the hypothalamus by releasing
several hormones. These hormones start the
development of eggs in the ovary. They also
start the production of other hormones in the
ovary, including estrogen and progesterone.
The interaction of all these hormones results in
the physical processes of the menstrual cycle.
The three phases of the menstrual cycle make up the monthly
changes in the female reproductive system.
2.5 MENOPAUSE
For most females, the first menstrual period
happens between ages nine years and 13
years and continues until 45 years of age to 60
years of age. Then, a gradual reduction of
menstruation takes place as hormone
production by the ovaries begins to shut down.
Menopause occurs when both ovulation and
menstrual periods end. It can take several
years for the completion of menopause.
Menopause does not inhibit a womans ability
to enjoy an active life.
DISEASES IN
REPRODUCTION
Caused by Virus SYSTEM
1. AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is
caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), it
attack a type of leukocyte which use to control the
immune system. The symptoms are continuous
fatique, excessive sweating at night, fever above 38
degrees for weeks, constant headaches, chronic
diarrhea, dry coughs, and shortness of breath, along
with swollen lymph gland for more three months.
2. Genital warts, caused by human papillomavirus
(HPV). The symptom are warts growing in genital
areas, anus, thighs, and urinary tract.
3. Genital herpes, is caused by the herpes simplex
virus. The symptom are pain or itchness in genital
areas and the presence of watering blisters
(lepuhan berair) or ulcers.
Caused by bacteria
4. Gonorea (kencing nanah) ia caused by Neisseria
gonorrhoeae bacterium, the symptom painful
urination, and discharge of pus from genital tract
and frequent urination.
5. Syphilis is caused by infection of bacteria
Treponema pallidum. The symptom are painless
wound on genital, rectum, tongue, or lips, swelling
(pembengkakan) of lymph gland in thighs, pain in
bones or joint, and rash (ruam)on the body.
6. Chlamydia is caused by bacteria Chlamydia
trachomatis. The symptom of it is leucorrhoea
with pain.
Caused by Fungi
7. Leucorrhoea (fluor albus) is caused by Candidia
albicans infection. The symptom are leucorrhoea
with itch, feel burn and reddish on genital or
around it.
Caused by Protozoa
8. Trichomoniasis that is infected by a protozoa
Trichomonas vaginalis. The symptoms are itch
on genital, greenish leucorrhoea and
bad/nasty smell.

Caused by cancer
Prostate cancer is cancer which attack
prostate gland.
Cyst, tissue develops abnormally in womb.