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Persamaan persepsi kasus

ke dua
shape Number of heads or Position
bellies
Anterior, posterior,
Deltoid (triangular) Biceps (two heads) medial, lateral, superior,
inferior, supra-, infra-
Interosseus (between
Triceps (three heads)
bones)
Quadratus (square) Quadriceps (four heads) Dorsi (of the back)
Rhomboid (diamond- Abdominis (of the
Digastric (two bellies)
shaped) abdomen)
Teres (round) Pectoralis (of the chest)
Gracilis (slender) Brachii (of the arm)
Rectus (straight) Femoris (of the thigh)
Lumbrical (worm-like) Oris (of the mouth)
Oculi (of the eye)
size depth action
Major, minor, longus Superficialis
Extensor, flexor
(long) (superficial)
Brevis (short) Profundus (deep) Abductor, adductor
Latissimus Externus/externi
Levator, depressor
(broadest) (external)
Longissimus Internus/interni
Supinator, pronator
(longest) (internal)
Constrictor, dilator
Attachment
Sternocleidomastoid (from sternum and clavicle to mastoid process)

Coracobrachialis (from the coracoid process to the arm)


Type of vascularisation
Type I muscles possess a single vascular
pedicle supplying the muscle belly, e.g.
tensor faciae latae (supplied by the
ascending branch of the lateral circumflex
femoral artery) and gastrocnemius (supplied
by the sural artery).
Type II muscles are served by a single
dominant vascular pedicle and several
minor pedicles, and can be supported on a
minor pedicle as well as the dominant
pedicle, e.g. gracilis (supplied by the medial
circumflex femoral artery in the dominant
pedicle).
Type III muscles are supplied by two
separate dominant pedicles each from
different source arteries, e.g. rectus
abdominus (supplied by the superior and
inferior epigastric arteries) and gluteus
maximus (supplied by the superior and
inferior gluteal arteries).
Type IV muscles have multiple small
pedicles which, in isolation, are not
capable of supporting the whole
muscle, e.g. sartorius and tibialis anterior:
about 30% survive reduction onto a single
vascular pedicle.
Type V muscles have one dominant
vascular pedicle and multiple
secondary segmental pedicles, e.g.
latissimus dorsi (supplied by the
thoracodorsal artery as the primary pedicle,
and thoracolumbar perforators from the
lower six intercostal arteries and the lumbar
arteries as the segmental supply), and
pectoralis major (supplied by the pectoral
branch of the thoracoacromial axis as the
dominant pedicle, and anterior perforators
from the internal thoracic vessels as the
segmental supply).
Innervation of skeletal muscle
The Anaerobic creatine phosphate
system
high 100%maximal effort
lasts about 10 seconds
creatine phosphate is the fuel
fast recovery
no waste products to speak of formed
used for short sprints, heavy lifts,
short explosive activity
Anaerobic lactate system
60-90% maximal effort
between 30 seconds to 3 minutes
duration
carbohydrate (glycogen) fuel used
lactic acid produced as a waste
product - feel that burn!
recovery can be minutes to 2 hours to
remove and synthesise lactic acid
used for longer sprints, longer sets of
strenuous repetitions
The Aerobic system
up to 70% of maximal effort
low intensity activity can be maintained
for hours
fuel includes fat, protein, carbohydrates
waste products include carbon dioxide
and water
recovery time is down to the individuals
ability to take in and utilise oxygen
used for long walks, long distance running
and less intense long duration activity

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