UNIT III DATABASE MANAGEMENT

SYSTEM

DBMS
HDBMS
NDBMS
RDBMS
OODBMS
QUERY PROCESSING
SQL
CONCURRENCY MANAGEMENT
DATA WAREHOUSING
DATA MART
 NASCAR Races to manage
its data
National Association for stock car
Auto Racing
Second to NFL- National Football
League
 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM- DBMS

Database is a collection of data

organized to serve many applications
efficiently by centralizing the data
and controlling redundant data.
A single database services multiple
applications
 A DBMS is a software that permits an
organization to centralise data,
manage them efficiently, and provide
access to the stored data by
application programs.
The DBMS acts as an interface
between applications program and
physical data files.
 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM-
DBMS
The management of data in a
database system id done by means
of general purpose software package
called a database management
system (DBMS). The DBMS is the
major software component of a
database system.
Overall System Structure
nave users application sophisticated database users
(tellers, agents, etc) programmers users administrator

application Application query database

interface program scheme

Embedded DML DDL query

DML compiler interpreter processor
precompiler
application database-
program management
object code query evaluation system
engine

storage
transaction buffer manager manager
manager

File manager

indices Statistical data disk storage

Data files Data dictionary

9
 Capabilities of DBMS
Transaction management
Concurrency control
Recovery management
Security management
Language interfaces
Storage management
 Data Models

HDBMS Hierarchical DBMS

NDBMS Network DBMS
RDBMS Relational DBMS
OODBMS Object Oriented DBMS
 Hierarchical DBMS
Hierarchical data model organizes
data in a tree structure; hierarchy is
of parent and child data segments.
Hierarchical model structures data as
a tree of records, with each record
having one parent record and many
children.
 Advantages
Conceptual simplicity and efficiency
Database security and integrity
Data independence
Disadvantages
Complex implementation
Difficult to manage and lack of
standards
Lacks structural independence
 NDBMS Network DBMS

NDBMS Network DBMS

Network data model organize data
as a network and the network
model allows each record to have
multiple parent and child records.

Advantages
Conceptual simplicity
Capability to handle more
relationship types
Data independence and Data
Integrity
Disadvantages
Detailed structural knowledge is
required
Lack of structural independence
 RELATIONAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM- RDBMS

The most popular type of DBMS today for

PCs as well as for larger computers and
mainframes is the relational DBMS.
Relational databases represents data as
two dimensional tables( called relations)
The tables are sometimes called files.
Each table contains data on an entity
and its attributes
 Popular RDBMS uses today
Microsoft Access for desktop system
DB2, oracle database and Microsoft
SQL server- mainframe and midrange
computers
MySQL is a popular open source
DBMS and oracle Database lite is a
DBMS for small handheld computing
devices.
Relational Database tables
 OODBMS Object Oriented DBMS
Many applications today require databases that store and retrieve only
records containing numbers and characters but also drawings, images,
photographs, voice, full-motion video.
DBMS designed for organizing structured data into rows and columns are not
well suited to handling graphics-based or multimedia applications.
An object oriented DBMS stores the data and procedures that act on those
data as objects that can be automatically retrieved and shared.
OODBMS are becoming popular because they can be used to manage the
various multimedia components or java applets used in web applications.
Advantages
It has capability to handle large number of different date types such as text, numbers,
pictures, voice and video.
It combines object-oriented programming with database technology to provide an
integrated application development systems.
It supports the object-oriented programming concepts inheritances, polymorphism,
dynamic building.
Disadvantages
Although object-oriented databases can store more complex types of information than
relational DBMS, they are relatively slow compared with relational DBMS for
processing large numbers of transactions or records.