Which of the following is a cause of

high output heart failure?

(A) pulmonary emphysema

(B) mitral stenosis
(C) ventricular aneurysm
(D) hypothyroidism
(E) arterio-venous fistula
The most frequent cause of pure right-
sided heart failure is

(A) congenital heart disease

(B) ischemic heart disease
(C) pulmonary disease
(D) liver disease
(E) renal disease
Which of the following is most often
complicated by pure right-sided heart
failure?

(A) congenital heart disease

(B) ischemic heart disease
(C) chronic lung disease
(D) systemic hypertension
(E) rheumatic heart disease
A 50-year-old man is admitted for
congestive heart failure. He has no history
of chest pain or ethanol abuse. On physical
examination he has a blood pressure of
190/120 mm Hg, mild hepatosplenomegaly,
and no cardiac murmur. The heart failure
is most likely due to

(A) aortic stenosis

(B) cardiomyopathy
(C) hypertension
(D) myocardial infarct
(E) pulmonary emboli
Left-sided heart failure frequently
leads to right-sided heart failure
because
(A) the basic underlying disease usually
affects both chambers of the heart
(B) poor perfusion of the right coronary
artery results from left ventricular
failure
(C) enlargement of the left ventricle
partially obstructs pulmonary outflow
(D) increased pulmonary arterial
pressure strains the right ventricle
Heart failure cells are

(A)atrophic myocytes
(B) hypertrophied myocytes
(C) macrophages containing ceroid
(D) macrophages containing hemosiderin

(E) macrophages containing lipofuscin

Chronic passive congestion of the liver
most often results from

(A) right heart failure

(B) liver cirrhosis
(C) hepato-renal failure
(D) left heart failure
(E) portal hypertension
"Nutmeg liver" is a descriptive term for
liver changes due to

(A) petechial hemorrhages

(B) toxic hepatitis
(C) viral hepatitis
(D) chronic passive congestion
(E) active hyperemia
Heart failure cells are

(A) degenerating endocardial cells

(B) hemosiderin-laden alveolar
macrophages
(C) hypertrophied myocardial cells
(D) necrotic myocardial cells
(E) stimulated pericardial cells
The most conspicuous feature of right-
sided heart failure is

(A) brown induration of the lung

(B) lower extremity edema
(C) mitral stenosis
(D) pulmonary edema
(E) hypertension
Assuming that the heart on the right is
normal, which of the following is most likely
associated with the heart on the left?
(A) elevated MB fraction of serum CK
(B) history of intravenous drug abuse
(C) hypertension
(D) mitral valve stenosis
(E) uremia
A 67-year-old man developed increasing shortness
of breath over a three day period. His neighbor
drove him to the emergency department where a
chest x-ray revealed fluffy pulmonary infiltrates,
a partially calcified, rounded density in the right
upper lobe, and bilateral pleural effusions.
Aspiration of some of the pleural fluid showed a
specific gravity of 1.006. Of the following, the
effusion is most likely due to
(A) congestive heart failure
(B) lung cancer
(C) pneumonia with pleural involvement
(D) rupture of the thoracic duct into the pleural
cavity
(E) tuberculosis with pleural involvement
A 65-year-old man with a long history of
congestive heart failure is found on chest x-ray to
have diffuse, fluffy pulmonary infiltrates
interpreted as pulmonary edema, a fluid level at
the base of the right pleural cavity, and an ill-
defined density in the upper lobe of right lung.
Aspirated fluid from the right pleural cavity has a
specific gravity of 1.006. The best explanation of
the fluid accumulation is
(A) hypoalbuminemia
(B) lymphatic obstruction within the lung
(C) acute bacterial pneumonia
(D) increased pulmonary venous pressure
(E) lung cancer
Edema fluid in the lung is primarily
removed by

(A) phagocytosis
(B) lymphatic drainage
(C) coughing
(D) reabsorption into capillaries
(E) passive drainage