CH# 2

Solving linear
equation's and
Inequalities

By Mohammad Sabaoon MSC

Mathematics (U.O.P)
 Definitions

Equation A mathematical
sentence stating that 2
expressions are equal.
12 3 = 9
8 + 4 = 12
By Mohammad Sabaoon MSC
Mathematics (U.O.P)
 Definitions

Equation A mathematical
sentence with an equals sign.
16 5 = 11
14 + 3 = 17

By Mohammad Sabaoon MSC

Mathematics (U.O.P)
 Definitions

Equals Sign (=) Means that the

amount is the same on both sides.

4+2=6
52=3

By Mohammad Sabaoon MSC

Mathematics (U.O.P)
 An Equation is like a balance
scale. Everything must be equal
on both sides.

=
10 5+5

By Mohammad Sabaoon MSC Mathematics (U.O.P)

 Equation.

=
7 n+2

By Mohammad Sabaoon MSC Mathematics (U.O.P)

When you find a number for n you
change the open equation to a true
equation. You solve the equation.

=
7 5n + 2

By Mohammad Sabaoon MSC Mathematics (U.O.P)

 Term and Coefficient

Term The combination of Variables or

numbers between + or - Sign is called
a term.
Examples: 7x5 + x2y2 4xy + 7
In the above example there are four term.s
Coefficient numerical factor of a term
In the above example 7 is coefficient of x5
Linear Equation in One
Variable
A linear equation in one variable is an
equation that can be written in the form

ax + b = 0,

where a and b are real numbers with a

0.

1.1 - 9
 Linear Equations

A linear equation is also called a first-

degree equation since the greatest degree
of the variable is one.
3 Linear
3x 2 0 x 12 .5( x 3) 2 x 6 equations
4
1
x 25 8 x 3 x .2 0
2 Non-linear
x equations

1.1 - 10
 Solution of Equation
A solution of a linear equation in one
variable is a real number which, when
substituted for the variable in the equation,
makes the equation true.

By Mohammad Sabaoon MSC

Mathematics (U.O.P)
Example: Is 3 a solution of 2x + 3 = 11?
2x + 3 = 11 Original equation
2(3) + 3 = 11 Substitute 3 for x.
6 + 3 = 11 False equation
3 is not a solution of 2x + 3 = 11.

Example: Is 4 a solution of 2x + 3 = 11?

2x + 3 = 11 Original equation
2(4) + 3 = 11 Substitute 4 for x.
8 + 3 = 11 True equation
4 is a solution of 2x + 3 = 11.
By Mohammad Sabaoon MSC
Mathematics (U.O.P)
Like Terms
Like terms are terms with the same
variables raised to the same power.

Hint: The idea is that the variable part of

the terms must be identical for them to be
like terms.
Examples
Like Terms Unlike Terms
5x , -14x 5x , 8y

-6.7xy , 02xy 3 x y , 8 xy
2 2

The variable factors are The variable factors are

identical. not identical.
 Combining Like Terms

Algebra Tiles
You can only combine terms that are alike, or
terms that have the same variable.

x 2 6
x2 x x x

2
When I combine like terms I have 2x + 3x + 6

http://www.mathslideshows.com
 Combining Like Terms

Try these problems with your algebra tiles. Combine

like terms. Give me a thumbs up when you know the
answer.
1) 2x + 4 + 4x + 1 = 6x + 5
2
2
2) 2x +2x + 3 + x + 12 = 3x + 2x + 4
2 2
= 4x +3x+2
2
3) 1 + 3x + 3x + 1 + x

http://www.mathslideshows.com
 Combining Like Terms
Like terms can be combined!
Like Terms Unlike Terms
7x 3x 10x 7x 3y

5a 4 a 9a 4 3a

6m m 5m 3x x 2

http://www.mathslideshows.com
 Combining Like Terms
1) 7m - 2m + 8m 4) -3k + 5k + -k + 2k
Say these!
13m 3k

2) -3y + y - 8y 5) t - 4t + -3t + 2t
-10y -4t

3) 11r - 5r - 9r 6) 11x - 4x + x + -3x

-3r 5x

http://www.mathslideshows.com
 Combining
Add: (x2 + 3x + 1) + (4x2 +5)

Step 1: Underline like terms:

(x2 + 3x + 1) + (4x2 +5)

Notice:3xdoesnthavealiketerm.

Step 2: Add the coefficients of like terms, do not change

the powers of the variables:
(x2 + 4x2) + 3x + (1 + 5)
5x2 + 3x + 6
 Combining

(x2 + 3x + 1)
(x2 + 3x + 1) + (4x2 +5) + (4x2 +5)
5x2 + 3x + 6

Combining : (2a2+3ab+4b2) + (7a2+ab+2b2)

(2a2 + 3ab + 4b2)
(2a2+3ab+4b2) + (7a2+ab+2b2) + (7a2 + ab + 2b2)
9a2 + 4ab + 6b2
 Combining

1) 3x 7x 3x 4x 6x 3x
3 3 3

2) 2w w 5 4w 7w 1 6w 8w 4
2 2 2

3) 2a 3a 5a a 4a 3
3 2 3

3 2
3a 3a 9a 3
 PropertiesofEquations

ADDITION PROPERTY Add the same number to both sides:

OF EQUALITY If a = b, then a + c = b + c.

SUBTRACTION PROPERTY Subtract the same number from both sides:

OF EQUALITY If a = b, then a c = b c.

MULTIPLICATION PROPERTY Multiply both sides by a number c

OF EQUALITY : If a = b , then ac = bc.

DIVISION PROPERTY Divide both sides by the same nonzero

OF EQUALITY number: If a = b and c 0, then a / c = b / c.

ByMohammadSabaoonMSC
Mathematics(U.O.P)
To solve a linear equation in one variable:

1. Simplify both sides of the equation.

2. Use the addition and subtraction properties to get all variable terms
on the left-hand side and all constant terms on the right-hand side.
3. Simplify both sides of the equation.
4. Divide both sides of the equation by the coefficient of the variable.

By Mohammad Sabaoon MSC

Mathematics (U.O.P)
Solving an Equation with a Variable on
One Side

2x+5=9 Subtract 5 from both sides

2x+55=95 Simplify
2x=4 Divide both sides by 2
2x=4
22 Simplify

x=2

ByMohammadSabaoonMSC
Mathematics(U.O.P)
 Solving an Equation with a Variable on One Side

Solve 3 x + 9 = 15.
7

SOLUTION Your goal is to isolate the variable on one side of the equation.

3x Write original equation.

+9=15
7
3x
=6 Subtract 9 from each side.
7
7 Multiply each side by 7 , the reciprocal of 3 .
x=6 (6)
3 3 7

x=6
14 Simplify.

CHECK
The solution is 14. 3 (x) ? Substitute 14 for x.
14 +9=15
7
15=15 Solution checks.

ByMohammadSabaoonMSC
Mathematics(U.O.P)
 Solutions of Linear Equations with a Variable on only
one side of the Equation

Example: Solve x 5 = 12.

x 5 = 12 Original equation

x 5 + 5 = 12 + 5 The solution is preserved when 5 is

added to both sides of the equation.
x = 17 17 is the solution.

17 5 = 12 Check the answer.

By Mohammad Sabaoon MSC Mathematics (U.O.P)

 1(2x)1(2)12
Solutions of Linear Equations with a Variable on only
one side of the Equation

Example: Solve 2x + 7 = 19.

2x + 7 = 19
2x + 7 7 = 19 7
2x = 12

x=6
Original equation
The solution is preserved when 7 is
subtracted from both sides.
Simplify both sides.
The solution is preserved when each side
is multiplied by .
6 is the solution.
2(6) + 7 = 12 + 7 = 19 Check the answer.
By Mohammad Sabaoon MSC Mathematics (U.O.P)
 Solutions of Linear Equations with a Variable on
Both sides of the Equation

Example: Solve x + 1 = 3(x 5).

x + 1 = 3(x 5) Original equation
x + 1 = 3x 15 Simplify right-hand side.
x = 3x 16 Subtract 1 from both sides.
2x = 16 Subtract 3x from both sides.
x=8 Divide both sides by 2.
The solution is 8.
Check the solution: (8) + 1 = 3((8) 5) 9 = 3(3) True
By Mohammad Sabaoon MSC Mathematics (U.O.P)
 Solutions of Linear Equations with a Variable on Both sides of the Equation
Example: Solve 3(x + 5) + 4 = 1 2(x + 6).
3(x + 5) + 4 = 1 2(x + 6) Original equation

3x + 15 + 4 = 1 2x 12 Simplify.

3x + 19 = 2x 11 Simplify.

3x = 2x 30 Subtract 19.

5x = 30 Add 2x.

x = 6 Divide by 5.
The solution is 6.
3( 6 + 5) + 4 = 1 2( 6 + 6) Check.

3( 1) + 4 = 1 2(0)
3 + 4 = 1 True

By Mohammad Sabaoon MSC Mathematics (U.O.P)

 Solving an Equation with a Variable on Both Sides

Solve 5n + 11 = 7n 9.

SOLUTION

5n + 11 = 7n 9 Write original equation.

5n + 11 = 2n 9 Subtract 5n from each side.

5n + 20 = 2n Add 9 to each side.

10 = n Divide each side by 2.

The solution is 10. Check this in the original equation.

ByMohammadSabaoonMSC
Mathematics(U.O.P)
 Using the Distributive Property

Solve 4(3x 5) = 2(x + 8) 6x.

SOLUTION

4(3x 5) = 2(x + 8) 6x Write original equation.

12x 20 = 2x 16 6x Distributive property

12x 20 = 4x 16 Combine like terms.

16x 20 = 16 Add 4x to each side.

16x = 4 Add 20 to each side.

1
x= Divide each side by 16.
4

1
The solution is . Check this in the original equation.
4
ByMohammadSabaoonMSC
Mathematics(U.O.P)
 Example SOLVING A LINEAR EQUATION

Solve 3(2 x 4) 7 ( x 5)
Be careful
Solution: 3(2 x 4) 7 ( x 5) with signs.

6 x 12 7 x 5 Distributive Property
6 x 12 2 x Combine terms.
6 x 12 x 2 x x Add x to each side.
7 x 12 2 Combine terms.
7 x 12 12 2 12 Add 12 to each side.

7 x 14 Combine terms.

Divide each 7 x 14 x2
side by 7. 7 7 1.1 - 32
 Fractional Linear Equations in One Variable
x 1 x 3 1

Example 9: Solve: 2 4 2
Step 1: x 1 x 3 1
4( ) 4( )
2 4 2
x 1 x3 1
4( ) 4( ) 4( )
Step 2: 2 4 2
2( x 1) ( x 3) 2
2x 2 x 3 2
Step 3: 3x 5 2
3 x 5 ( 5) 2 (5)
3 x 3
Step 4: 1 1
( ) 3 x ( )( 3)
3 3
x 1
Step 5: 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 1
Check
The solution set is {-1}. :
2 4 2 4 2 2 2
33
 CLEARING FRACTIONS BEFORE
Example 2
SOLVING A LINEAR EQUATION

Solve 2t 4 1 1 7
t t
3 2 4 3
Solution:
Multiply by 12, the
LCD of the fractions.
2t 4 1 1 7
12 t 12 t Distribute the 12 to all
3 2 4 3 terms within
parentheses!
4(2t 4) 6t 3t 28 Distributive property

8t 16 6t 3t 28 Distributive property

14t 16 3t 28 Combine terms.

1.1 - 34
 CLEARING FRACTIONS BEFORE
Example
SOLVING A LINEAR EQUATION

14t 16 3t 28 Combine terms.

11t 44 Subtract 3t; subtract 16.

t 4 Divide by 11.

1.1 - 35
 x
122()8
1 2
3
23 1 (x
1(8)4
4
)
3
Equations with fractions can be simplified by multiplying both
sides by a common denominator.
Example: Solve . The lowest common denominator
of all fractions in the equation is 6.

6 6 Multiply by 6.

3x + 4 = 2x + 8 Simplify.
3x = 2x + 4 Subtract 4.
x=4 Subtract 2x.

4 4 Check.

True

By Mohammad Sabaoon MSC Mathematics (U.O.P)

Solve: Adding/Subtracting Fractions
y y 1

3 4 6
y y 1
12 12
3 4 6
y y
12 12 2
3 4
4y 3y 2
y2
By Mohammad Sabaoon MSC Mathematics (U.O.P)
Give it a try!
x x 1

6 8 8
x x 1
24 24 24
6 8 8

4x 3x 3
x3

By Mohammad Sabaoon MSC Mathematics

(U.O.P)
Solve: Multiplying Fractions
x 5 1 x 3
2x
2 2 8
x 5 1 x 3
8 8 2x
2 2 8
x 5 1 x 3
8 8 8
2x 8
2 2 8
4 x 5 4 16x x 3
4 x 20 4 16 x x 3
4 x 24 15 x 3
11 x 24 3
11 x 21
21
x
11
By Mohammad Sabaoon MSC Mathematics (U.O.P)
Identity Equations

If solving a linear equation leads to a true

statement such as 0 = 0 or 2=2 etc the
equation is an identity. Its solution set is
{all real numbers}.
Example: let
3( x 1) 3 x 3

1.1 - 40
Conditional Equations

If solving a linear equation leads to a single

solution such as x = 3, the equation is
conditional. Its solution set consists of a
single element.
Example: Let
2x 4

1.1 - 41
Contradictions Equations

If solving a linear equation leads to a false

statement such as 3 = 7, then the
equation is a contradiction. Its solution set
is .
Example: Let
x x 1

1.1 - 42
 IDENTIFYING TYPES OF EQUATIONS
Example 1

Decide whether this equation is an identity, a

conditional equation, or a contradiction.

a. 2( x 4) 3 x x 8
Solution: 2( x 4) 3 x x 8
Distributive
2 x 8 3 x x 8 property

x 8 x 8 Combine terms

00 Subtract x and
add 8.
1.1 - 43
 IDENTIFYING TYPES OF EQUATIONS
Example 2

Decide whether this equation is an identity, a

conditional equation, or a contradiction.

b. 5 x 4 11
Solution: 5 x 4 11
5 x 15 Add 4.

x 3 Divide by 5.
This is a conditional equation, and its
solution set is {3}.

1.1 - 44
 IDENTIFYING TYPES OF EQUATIONS
Example 3

Decide whether this equation is an identity, a

conditional equation, or a contradiction.
c. 3(3 x 1) 9 x 7
Solution: 3(3 x 1) 9 x 7
9x 3 9x 7 Distributive property

3 7 Subtract 9x.

When a false statement such as 3 = 7 results,

the equation is a contradiction, and the solution
set is the empty set or null set, symbolized by .
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