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GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY
CHAPTER 6: MICROBIAL ENERGY SOURCES
OUTLINE
Metabolism is:
A series of chemical processes that go on in living
organisms / The sum of all chemical processes carried
out by living organisms.
Used to obtain energy.
Linked to growth.
Require the use of enzymes and coenzymes
BASIC CONCEPTS OF METABOLISM
Anabolism metabolic
processes in which the energy
derived from catabolism is used
to build large organic
molecules from smaller ones.
OXIDATION & REDUCTION
REACTIONS
Glucose
Glycolysis occurs
in
the cytoplasm and does
not require oxygen.
1molecule of glucose
Produces:
2ATP (net)
2 reduced NAD+
2 molecules of
Pyruvate
Glycolysis can lead to further
energy producing pathways.
Krebs cycle and cellular
respiration (aerobic)
Fermentation (anaerobic)
THE KREBS CYCLE
The Krebs cycle, A.K.A. the citric acid cycle or Tri-
Carboxylic Acid cycle (TCA).
It is an aerobic catabolic pathway seen in aerobic
cellular respiration.
Pyruvate is further metabolized in this process.
Pyruvate is oxidized to reduce NAD+ and modified
with coenzyme A to produce Acetyl-CoA complex.
THE KREBS CYCLE
Glycolysis
Glucose Pyruvate
CYTOSOL MITOCHONDRION
ATP
Substrate-level
phosphorylatio
n
Electrons Electrons carried
carried via NADH and
via NADH FADH2
Pyruvate
Glycolysis Citric
oxidation
acid
Glucose Pyruvate Acetyl CoA cycle
CYTOSOL MITOCHONDRION
ATP ATP
Substrate-level Substrate-level
phosphorylation phosphorylation
Electrons Electrons carried
carried via NADH and
via NADH FADH2
Oxidative
Pyruvate
Glycolysis Citric phosphorylation:
oxidation
acid electron transport
Glucose Pyruvate Acetyl CoA cycle and
chemiosmosis
CYTOSOL MITOCHONDRION
RED-OX
Reduction
Oxidation
Oxidant + e- product
Reductan product +
Electron gained t e-
electrons lost,
Oxidation number decreased
oxidation number increased
Oxidative phosphorylation accounts for almost 90%
of the ATP generated by cellular respiration
A smaller amount of ATP is formed in glycolysis and
the citric acid cycle by substrate-level
phosphorylation
For each molecule of glucose degraded to CO2 and
water by respiration, the cell makes up to 38
molecules of ATP
In total, one sugar molecule can produce about 38
ATP
through the process of :
1)Glycolysis 2 ATP
2)Citric Acid Cycle 2 ATP
Oxidative Phosphorylation 34 ATP
Total equation:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 ------> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP
CELL RESPIRATION : ANAEROBIC
& FERMENTATION