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CLASSIFICATION
Classification is the arrangement of
organisms into group based on similarities
and differences and also placing these
groups in a hierarchy according to their
evolutionary relationship in the following
order: Species Genus Family Order Class
Phylum Kingdom.
TRACING EVOLUTIONARY
RELATIONSHIPS EVIDENCES OF
EVOLUTION
Evolution is a very slow
and gradual process. No
human being can see how
evolution takes place. The
occurrence of evolution is
supported directly or
indirectly by many kinds
of evidences. These are
drawn from Comparative
morphology, Anatomy,
Palaeontology, Genetics,
Embryology and Animal
distribution.
EVIDENCES FROM COMPARATIVE
ANATOMY
When organisms are grouped on the
basis of morphological and anatomical
similarities, they show their
relationship with each other and their
origin from some common ancestor.
The similarities are reflected by
homologous organs and analogous
organs.
Homologous:- These organs are
similar in origin and fundamental
structure but are different in function
and appearance. For example,
forelimbs of Frog and Lzard, wing of
Bird and arm of Man are homologous.
They have similar origin and same
basic anatomical structure.
Analogous:- These organs have
different origin and different basic
structural plan but have similar
appearance and perform similar
function. Modification of different
structures to perform a similar
function in unrelated organisms
supports evolution.
EVIDENCES FROM
PALAEONTOLOGY
Fossils are preserved remains, impressions
or traces of plants and animals that lived in
the past. These are preserved in rocks, peat,
amber, lava or snow. Fossils provide direct
evidence of evolution. They are described as
the written documents of evolutionary
process. The study of fossils is called
palaeontttology, i.e, formation of fossils.
Usually, when organisms die, their bodies
get decomposed by bacterial action. But
their hard parts are left unaffected. Also in
certain exceptional cases, their bodies or
some parts get buried under sand or
trapped in hot mud, lava or amber, etc.
They are immediately cut off from the
environment and the oxygen and are
preserved as part of the rock. There are two
major prerequisites for fossils formation: