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Process
What basic elements are needed for fire to occur?
OXYGEN HEAT
FIRE
combustion
FUEL
COMBUSTION PROCESS
A chemical reaction
FUEL: PHOTOSYNTHESIS
(storage of chemical energy)
Solar Energy + CO2 + H2O
COMBUSTION
(conversion of stored energy to thermal,
Decay radiant, kinetic energy)
THE PHASES OF COMBUSTION
1) preignition
2) ignition
3) combustion
4) extinction
Preignition (pre-heating)
Pyrolysis
Thermal degradation of the fuel = heat divided
( ~250 355 C )
1. Lightning
2. Spontaneous ignition
Lightning
- High temperature within column of hot gases
- 100 cloud-to-ground discharges/sec on Earth
- Only 0.1 - .001 of strikes = wildfire
Ignition continued
Spontaneous ignition
3. COMBUSTION 2 types:
- Smoldering / glowing
- Flaming
Flaming combustion
OXYGEN HEAT
FIRE
combustion
FUEL
Three methods of heat
transfer
Three Heat Transfer Methods
Conduction:
Transfer of heat from one molecule to another.
High-density fuels (green wood) vs. low-density fuels (litter, decayed wood)
Transfer of heat by
movement of a gas
or liquid (air).
Wind
...bringing the
flames closer
to the fuel.
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