Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
REKABENTUK KURIKULUM
DAN INSTRUKSIONAL
Curriculum and Instructional
Design)
DURATION
CONTENT
METHOD
EFFECT
COMPARING TRAINING AND
EDUCATION
1. TheTRAINING
process of EDUCATION
developing skills
1. The process of
for a specific job
imparting knowledge
or task
or information
2. Emphasizes doing 2. Emphasizes knowing
3. Emphasizes a 3. Emphasizes an open
closed system system perspective:
perspective: There are often many
There are specific ways to achieve the goal;
creativity & critical
right and wrong ways
thinking are encouraged
of performing a skill
COMPARING TRAINING AND
EDUCATION
TRAINING EDUCATION
4. Emphasizes
4. Emphasizes knowing
performance levels in
order to perform a
information not
specific job necessarily linked to a
specific job or career
5. Emphasizes a 5. Emphasizes an
comprehensive listing of open-ended approach
skills required to perform to achieve a goal; not
a specific behaviour; every step in the
each step in the process process is always
is prescribed. prescribed.
LEARNING
The process whereby individuals acquire
knowledge, skills and attitudes through
experience, reflection, study or instruction.
TRAINING, EDUCATION AND
PLANNED EXPERIENCE
The ability of an individual to acquire knowledge,
skills and attitudes in a training context may
depend directly or indirectly on the quality of
previous educational experiences.
Planned experiences must not be overlooked.
Training, education and planned experience are
interdependent and equal partners with regard to
their potential contribution to learning and
development.
Definisi kurikulum
(Definition of curriculum)
Apakah kurikulum?
(What is curriculum?)
Yang mana antara tafsiran umum
kurikulum ini adalah betul? (Which
definition is correct?)
1. A plan for action or a written document that includes
strategies for achieving desired goals or ends.
2. Kurikulum dilihat sebagai pengalaman pelajar yang
dirancang. Tafsiran ini mengambil kira hampir semua
elemen dalam sekolah dan luar sekolah (selagi ianya
dirancang) sebagai sebahagian daripada kurikulum.
3. Kurikulum sebagai satu sistem untuk mengurus
manusia dan proses menyusun atur pekerja serta
tatacara bagaimana sistem tersebut dilaksanakan.
4. Kurikulum sebagai satu bidang pengajian yang
merangkumi asas-asas, kajian, teori dan prinsip.
5. Kurikulum sebagai senarai matapelajaran dan isi
kandungan matapelajaran (bagaimana maklumat
tentang matapelajaran tersebut disusun dan
disampaikan).
Why Curriculum? (Tujuan kurikulum)
Curriculum Instruction
Interlocking Model
Terdapat integrasi antara kurikulum dan instruksi.
Mengajar kurikulum tanpa memikirkan instruksi akan
memberi kesan buruk. (There is some integration
between curriculum and instruction. Teaching the
curriculum without thinking about instruction brings
bad effect).
Curriculum
Instruction
Yang mana difikirkan dahulu? Kurikulum atau instruksi?
Apakah akan berlaku sekiranya instruksi didahulukan
sebelum kurikulum dirancang? (Which should be thought of
first? Curriculum or instruction? What will happen if we think
of instruction first before curriculum is planned?)
Concentric Model
Instruksi adalah subsistem kurikulum.
Kurikulum adalah subsistem kepada _______?
(Instruction is subsystem to curriculum.
What is curriculum subsystem to?)
Curriculum
Instruction
Curriculum Instruction