Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Real wind
Relative wind :
a) influences the ship
b) With speed ahead: closer to the bow
then the real wind
Windmeter measures the relative wind
Two effects on a ship:
a) drift
b) turning moment
Center of wind pressure (W) depends on the area of the ship exposed
Windage area to be compared with:
a) the underwater profile
b) Position of the pivot point
W is not always at the center of gravity of the windage area : it
depends of the angle between wind direction and ships heading.
Ch5. Effect of wind / Position of W
Pivot point moves forward: turning lever between P and W and the ship
swings to port.
When approaching the berth the vessels speed decreases and the wind
Effect gets greater: it require considerable corrective action.
Ch5. Effect of wind / Sternway / Beam wind
Trimmed vessel:
a) W moves forward and very close to P
b) the turning lever is reduced and the vessel has tendency to fall off
c) ship difficult to keep head to wind (SBM mooring operations)
Ch5. Effect of wind / Trimmed vessel / Sternway
Beam wind
With sternway: center of water pressure applies behind the center of gravity:
The bow is falling off the wind.
Several factors modify the water resistance: angle of heel , speed of the ship,
effect of waves and current.
Ch5. Effect of wind / Position of Equilibrium
Ship stopped
With sternway:
a) nearly all ships take aan equilibrium
position with stern wind
b) Loaded tankers take the wind in the
stern quarters
Ch5. Effect of wind / Various forces acting on the ship
Ch5. Effect of wind / Behaviour of ship (7000T tanker)
Head wind
with headway:
a) good steering / pivot point near bow
b) after course deviation: wind brings ship
back on course
when backing:
a) pivot point near stern and bad steering
b) after course deviation: windtends to put
ship off initial course.
Ch5. Effect of wind / Behaviour of ship (7000T tanker)
At speed:
pivot point near bow / wind force
brings ship to the wind.
Ch5. Effect of wind / Behaviour of ship (7000T tanker)
No longitudinal component
Ship is backing
The pivot point is near the stern
The wind swings the ship off the wind
Ch5. Behaviour of ship in following wind
7000 tons tanker/ speed: 6kn/ 30 knots wind
Ship to be stopped
1. Engine stopped / speed 6 knots
2. Full astern: transverse thrust* of propeller
pushes stern to port
3. Wind on Sb quarter: wind + transverse thrust
= ship swings to Sb
4. Ship comes beam to wind and wind force
increases
5. Ship stopped / transverse wind force max /
ship drifts to port
6. Ship gets sternway / pivot point closes stern
7. Due to position of pivot point: wind force is
bigger than transvers thrust = swing to port
8. The more sternway the faster swing to port.