TENSES

By
M. Syaichul Muchyidin, S. Pd., M. Pd
BASED ON TIME AND EVENT

TIME EVENT
1. Past 1. Simple
2. Present 2. Continuous
3. Future 3. Perfect
4. Perfect continuous

Past Present Future

Note: Past Future happens on conditional sentence

KINDS OF TENSES
1. Present simple
2. Present continuous
3. Present perfect
4. Present perfect continuous
5. Past simple
6. Past continuous
7. Past pefect
8. Past perfect continuous
9. Future simple
10. Future continuous
 FORM OF PRESENT
Present simple
+ ) S+V1 (s/es).
) S+do/does+not+V1.
? ) DO/does+S+V1?
-? ) DO/does+S+not+V1?

Eg
+ ) They drink milk.
) They do not drink milk.
? ) DO they drink milk?
-? ) DO they not drink milk?

Present continuous
+ ) S+is/am/are+Ving.
 FORM OF PAST
Present simple
+ ) S+V2.
) S+did+not+V1.
? ) Did+S+V1?
-? ) Did+S+not+V1?

Eg
+ ) They drank milk.
) They did not drink milk.
? ) Did they drink milk?
-? ) Did they not drink milk?

Present continuous
+ ) S+was/were+Ving.
 FORM OF FUTURE
Present simple
+ ) S+will+V1.
) S+will+not+V1.
? ) Will+S+V1?
-? ) Will+S+not+V1?

Eg
+ ) They will drink milk.
) They will not drink milk.
? ) will they drink milk?
-? ) will they not drink milk?

Present continuous
+ ) S+will+be+Ving.
) S+will+be+not+Ving.
 FORM OF PAST FUTURE
Present simple
+ ) S+would+V1.
) S+would+not+V1.
? ) Would+S+V1?
-? ) Would+S+not+V1?

Eg
+ ) They would drink milk.
) They would not drink milk.
? ) would they drink milk?
-? ) would they not drink milk?

Present continuous
+ ) S+would+be+Ving.
) S+would+be+not+Ving.
1. PRESENT SIMPLE/SIMPLE
PRESENT
It is used to express habitual or everyday activities
eg. She often does this.
It expresses general statement of fact and timeless
truths.
eg. The world is round.
It can be used to express future time in a sentence
concerning events that are on a definite schedule or
timetable.
(open, close, begin, end, start, finish, arrive, leave, come, return)
eg. Johns plane arrives at 6:05 P.M. Next Monday.
2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS
It expresses a habit in present that shows annoyance
and anger
eg. She is always eating my food.
It expresses an activity that happens now
eg. She is eating my food.
It expresses an activity in progress
eg. She is writing a novel this year.
It expresses future time (it is indicated either by future time
words in the sentence or by the context)
eg. She is eating my food later.
It expresses temporary characteristic
eg. She is being polite.*
3. PRESENT PERFECT
It expresses an activity that happened (or
never happened). It uses an unspecified
time in the past.
eg. We have already visited the monument.
eg. I have never seen the candidate of my
husband.
It expresses the repetition of an activity
before now.
eg. I have flown on an airplane many times.
It also expresses a situation that begins in
the past and continues to the present
eg. I have lived here for years.
 4. PRESENT PERFECT
CONTINUOUS
It is used to indicate the duration of an
activity that begins in the past and continues
to the present.
eg. It has been raining all day.

Note:
When the tense is used without any specific mention of time, it espresses
a general activity in progress recently , lately.
eg. I have been thinking about changing my major.
5. PAST SIMPLE/SIMPLE PAST
It indicates that an activity or situation began
and ended at a particular time in the past.
eg. I bought a new car three days ago.
It is used to express habitual activities in the
past
eg. She often did this when she was a child.
6. PAST CONTINUOUS
It expresses a habit in past that shows
annoyance and anger.
eg. I didnt like having Sadam for my
roommate last year. He was always borrowing
my money without paying back.
It expresses an activity that happens in the past
eg. She was eating the food at eight oclock last
night.
7. PAST PERFECT

It expresses an activity that was completed

before another activity or time in the past.
eg. Sam had already left by the time Ann got
there.
8. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
It emphasizes the duration of an activity that
was in progress before another activity or
time in the past.
eg. The police had been looking for the
criminal for two years before they caught
him.
It also may express an in progress close in
time to another activity or time in the past.
eg. When Lucy got home, her hair was still
wet because she had been swimming.
9. FUTURE SIMPLE/SIMPLE
FUTURE
It expresses future time.
eg. According to the weather report, it will be
cloudy tomorrow.
It expresses willingness (spontanity)
eg. I dont understand this problem. Ask your
teacher about it. She will help you.
 10.FUTURE CONTINUOUS
It expresses an activity that will be in progress
at a time in the future.
eg. I will begin to study at seven. You will come
at eight. I will be studying when you come.

Note:
Sometimes there is little or no difference between the future progressive and the
simple future, especially when the future event will occur at an indefinite time in the
future.
eg.
Dont get impatient. She will be coming soon.
Dont get impatient. She will come soon.
11.FUTURE PERFECT

It expresses an activity that will be

completed before another time or event in
the future.
eg. I will have finished my homework by the
time i go out on a date tonight.
12.FUTURE PERFECT
CONTINUOUS

It emphasizes the duration of

an activity that will be in
progress before another time
or event in the future.
eg. I will have been sleeping
for two hours by the time Ed
gets home tonight.
CONCLUSION

Simple
Habit

Continuous
Progressive
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
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