KINDS OF LEARNING

ACTIVITIES THAT CAN BE

USED IN A SUBJECT AREA

GROUP 3
DISCUSSION METHOD
Ma. Ella l. Masilungan
DISCUSSION
The discussion method is one of the
students and instructor exchange their
ideas in order to get a better
understanding of a topic.

The discussion method is interaction

centered and can be teacher or student
centered, and can be held in either large
or small group.
ADVANTAGE AND
SPECIAL USE OF
DISCUSSION METHOD
Expands the cognitive and affective domains
of the students.
Can be used to solve problem and develop
interest in the topic.
Utilizes student knowledge and ideas
Results in more permanent learning because of
the high degree of student involvement.
ADVANTAGE AND
SPECIAL USE OF
DISCUSSION METHOD
Determine student understanding and
progress.
Everyone has a chance to get involved.
Teaches how to come to an agreement within a
group without arguing
Permits students and teacher to get
acquainted.
Emphasizes main teaching points.
LIMITATION OF THE
DISCUSSION METHOD
Tend to get off the topic if the
instructor doesnt continually redirect
ideas.
More information and eager pupils
tend to monopolize the discussion.
Not suitable for presenting information
for the first time
 LIMITATION OF THE
DISCUSSION METHOD
Not very effective in describing procedures or
breakdown of a component.
Content is limited and the method is time consuming.
It restricts the size of group.
The large the group the more difficult it is to guide
the discussion.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
DISCUSSION METHOD
Experiential learning
This process leads to formulation of abstract concepts and
generalizations, which, in turn, leads to hypotheses to be
discussed and tested in future experiences.
Emphasis on Students
Students experience serve as the basis for the discussion.
Although the teacher must have a specific goal in mind and a
general framework for reaching the goal, student input
determines the specific direction takes.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
DISCUSSION METHOD
Focus on Critical Thinking
developing critical thinking skills involves consideration of
three areas: instructional design, a focus on learning by doing,
and strategic teaching.
Use of Questions
Wen we very question level, probe, rephrase, prompt, wait for
student responses, ask process questions, and stress
students understanding.
VIEWING
VIDEOTAPE
S, VCDs &
Jaime Christian Laoagan
DVDs
VIDEOTAPES
Videotapeismag
netic tapeused for
storingvideoand
usuallysoundin
addition.
USE OF VIDEOTAPES IN
EDUCATION
Video recordings provide an authentic
feedback of classroom interaction, and
microteaching a systematic method for
analysis of these tapes and the
acquisition of special teaching skills.
USE OF VIDEOTAPES IN
EDUCATION
As educators, our aim is to get students
energized and engaged in the hands-on
learning process, and video is clearly an
instructional medium that is compelling and
generates a much greater amount of interest
and enjoyment than the more traditional
printed material.
USE OF VIDEOTAPES IN
EDUCATION
Using sight and sound, video is the
perfect medium for students who are
auditory or visual learners. With the
added use of subtitles each child then
has the choice to watch, listen to, or
read each presentation.
USE OF VIDEOTAPES IN
EDUCATION
Video stimulates and engages students
creating interest and maintaining that
interest for longer periods of time, and it
provides an innovative and effective
means for educators to address and
deliver the required curriculum content.
VCD (VIDEO CD) & DVD
Video CD(abbreviated asVCD, and
also known asCompact Disc digital
video) is ahome videoformat and the
first format for distributing films on
standard 120mm (4.7in) optical
discs.
VCD
The format is a standarddigitalformat for
storingvideoon acompact disc. VCDs
are playable in dedicated VCD players,
mostDVDandBlu-ray
Discplayers,personal computers, and
somevideo game consoles.
DVD
DVD(an abbreviation of "digital
versatile disc"or "digital video disc")
is adigitaloptical discstorageformat
invented and developed
byPhilips,Sony,Toshiba,
andPanasonicin 1995.
DVD
The medium can store any kind of digital data
and is widely used for software and other
computer files as well as video programs
watched using DVD players. DVDs offer higher
storage capacity than compact discs while
having the same dimensions.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
VCD & DVD
DVD stands for "Digital Versatile Disc" and
can hold about 2 hours of very high quality
MPEG-2 video and audio, due to its average
4.7 GB storage capacity. DVDs use a different
type of CD to store data, as opposed to the
normal 650MB CDs used by VCD and SVCD.
USE OF VCD & DVD IN
EDUCATION
DVD video will revolutionize teachers'
access to and ability to utilize video
resources for teaching.

It's a revolutionary change because the

digital format gives the user a degree of
access and control over video
presentation content never before
possible.
USE OF VCD & DVD IN
EDUCATION
DVD technology builds on the laserdisc
concept of instant accessibility to video
segments by use of frames and adds some
cool options that enhance lessons and help
students become active learners.

Students are more likely to be active learners

if engaged in their work and using DVDs.
AUDIOTAPES

Ulrich Mapanao
AUDIOTAPE

-tape on which sound

is recorded
-a tape recording
sound
 Introduction
There are several types of audio
recording devices that range from
analog to digital. Here are some of the
most popular recording devices that
one can use for a variety of purposes.
Cassette Recorder
This analog audio recording device records
sound on tapes at 1.875 inches per
second. It is good for voice recording which
is why it was the device choice for people
who want to record conversations for
many years. However, it has a poor signal-
to-noise ratio, which means the recording
levels need to be set correctly.
One can expect plenty of noise when
recording in quiet environments and quiet
voices. Because of the media it uses for
storage, storage is key to keep the
recordings in tact and of great quality.
Cassette tapes are known to degrade over
time, so this device is only recommended
for people who can store tapes properly
and who are only expecting to record
voices.
MiniDisc Recorder
This digital audio recording device
stores its recordings on optical disks.
The data is compressed using a
unique system, which means it cannot
be copied easily. The data needs to be
decompressed and then recompressed
when being copied.
This process involves losing quality, which
is ideal for people who want to protect the
original quality of their recordings. Their
compact size make them ideal for
recording audio in remote places, although
this same compact size may create
problems in operating the devices
especially for people who have big fingers
or people who are not used to operating
small devices.
 DAT Recorder
Also known as the Digital Audio Tape
recorder, the DAT recorder is a digital
audio recording device that uses 6
millimeter tape cartridges to store
recordings. By doing this, it is capable of
recording high quality audio, and by being
a digital device, it is quite easy to transfer
data between the device to a computer.
It provides cassette tape quality with
digital capability, but it does have its
downside. It is a bulky device and its
tape recording parts can be easily
damaged by impact
Resources
and
Materials
usually
used in
Teaching Christian Zane Zapanta Na
REALIA
Objects from real life used in classroom
instruction by educators to improve
students understanding of other cultures
and real life situations.
Tactile and multidimensional connection
between learned material and the object
of the lesson.
 Simple objects that are
easy to control
Minimum risk of accident
throughout student-object
interaction.
ADVANTAGES
Plentiful
Concrete learning
experiences
Motivates the learner
DISADVANTAGES
Can be a distraction
Storage and retrieval
Not always practical
Size
Potential hazards
Cost
Need to maintain original structure
MODELS
Three-dimensional representations of
real objects
Represent structures
Scale
ADVANTAGES
Can be manipulated
More practical than realia
Simplifies complex
concepts
DISADVANTAGES
Inaccuracy may lead to
misconceptions
May lead to oversimplification
May be difficult to design
TEXT
Alphanumeric letters and characters
presented to students in the form of
printed materials
May synthesize or elaborate on the
lesson
Provide exercises
Enrichment activities
Individual or group
 Hand-outs
Assignment sheets
Individualized study materials
Resource/enrichment materials for group exercises
Activity cards
Worksheets
Tests
Books
Articles
Materials for project development
ADVANTAGES
Varied approaches
Easy to bring, recopy
Not limited to the class
schedule
DISADVANTAGES
Preconceptions
Traditional
May divide the students
attention
GRAPHIC MATERIALS
Two-dimensional pictorial
representations
Include charts, graphs, drawings
and posters
For visual learners
ADVANTAGES
Catches attention
Simplify concepts
Impact on note-taking
DISADVANTAGES
Need for clarity
Size must be appropriate for
class and classroom size
Prior knowledge
DISPLAY BOARD
A vertical surface on which
information can be displayed
to public view
Promotes visual learning
May be used as classroom
decoration
ADVANTAGES
Interactive
May cover various topics
Engaging
DISADVANTAGES
May become distracting
Time-consuming
Must be regularly
monitored
 CHRISTIAN MARK D.
LLOSALA

WRITTEN
MATERIA
LS
WHAT IS WRITTEN MATERIALS?
the work of a writer; anything expressed in letters of
the alphabet (especially when considered from the
point of view of style and effect)
used to improve knowledge, awareness, attitudes,
skills, professional practice and patient outcome.
KINDS OF WRITTEN
MATERIALS
BOOK
- a written or printed work
consisting of pages glued or
sewn together along one
side and bound in covers.
- is a manual of instruction in
any branch of study.
 JOURNAL/DIARY
- adailywrittenrecordof(usuallypersonal)exp
eriencesandobservations
- a newspaper or magazine that deals with a
particular subject or professional activity.
 PARAGRAPH
- a distinct section of a
piece of writing, usually
dealing with a single
theme and indicated by a
new line, indentation, or
numbering.
- one of several distinct
subdivisions of a text
intended to separate
ideas; the beginning is
usually marked by a new
indented line)
 ESSAY
- ananalyticorinterpretiveliteraryco
mposition
- a short piece of writing on a
particular subject.
 DOCUMENT, PAPERS,
WRITTEN DOCUMENT
- writing that provides
information (especially
information of an official
nature)
- is a written, drawn,
presented or recorded
representation of thoughts.
 Religious Text/Writing
- writingthatisveneratedforthewors
hipofa deity.
- Bible is a collection of sacred texts or
scriptures
- a record of the relationship between
God and humans.
IMPORTANCE
Good way of gathering information
Improves writing skill
Helps to keep records and information
Develop and improve our vocabulary
AUDIO-
VISUAL
MATERIALS
Anna Corinne M.
Maguddayao
WHAT IS AUDIO-VISUAL?
Audio Visual Aids are
also called
instructional material.
Audio literally means
hearing and visual
means that which is
found by seeing.
LCD PROJECTOR
An LCD projector is a type of
video projector for displaying
video, images or computer
data on a screen or other flat
surface. It is a modern
equivalent of the slide
projector or over head
projector.
 FILM PROJECTOR
A movie projector is an
opto-mechanical device for
displaying motion picture
film by projecting it onto a
screen. Most of the optical
and mechanical elements,
except for the illumination
and sound devices, are
present in movie cameras.
TELEVISION
Television or TV is a
telecommunication medium used
for transmitting moving images in
monochrome (black-and-white), or
in color, and in two or three
dimensions and sound. It can refer
to a television set, a television
program ("TV show"), or the
medium of television transmission.
Television is a mass medium, for
entertainment, education, news,
and advertising.
COMPUTER
A computer is a device that
can be instructed to carry out
an arbitrary set of arithmetic
or logical operations
automatically. The ability of
computers to follow a
sequence of operations,
called a program, make
computers very flexible and
useful.
DVD PLAYER
A DVD player is a device that plays
discs produced under both the DVD-
Video and DVD-Audio technical
standards, two different and
incompatible standards. Some DVD
players will also play audio CDs. DVD
players are connected to a television to
watch the DVD content, which could be
a movie, a recorded TV show, or other
content.
ADVANTAGES
1. It helps to make learning process more
effective and conceptual.
2. It helps to grab the attention of students
3. It builds interest and motivation teaching
students learning process
4. It enhance the energy level of teaching and
students
5. It provides students a realistic approach and
experience
DISADVANTAGES
1. Technical Problems
2. Students Distractions
3. Expensive
4. Time consuming
5. Need space
PROGRAMMED
AND COMPUTER
MATERIALS
Jenelyn Lariosa
ogram in computer materials used in learning activitie

word processing programs

database programs
spreadsheet programs
desktop publishing programs
graphics and design programs
presentation software
communications
programs
Word processing
programs
are used to create documents that are
primarily text, but
Database programs may also contain some
graphics.
are used to collect related data, which can
be sorted, searched through, and printed
as needed.
Spreadsheet programs
are used to organize, calculate, and analyze numerical data.
Spreadsheets are used in business for the following
purposes:

Desktop publishing programs

are used to design and produce professional printed
materials. Businesses may use desktop publishing for the
following purposes:
To create layouts for newsletters, books,
brochures, advertisements.
To create professional-looking forms, such
Presentation software
is used to create slide
shows or multimedia presentations.
Presentation software can be used by
businesses for the following purposes:
To prepare verbal and visual copy for
meetings.
To create slide shows using pictures or
Web pages.
Communications programs
are software applications used to establish
communication. Capabilities include e-mail,
teleconferencing, and videoconferencing.
TEACHING AIDS
MARTIN L. MENDIOLA

MODELS, REPLICAS,
CHARTS, GLOBES, MAPS,
TEACHING AID
Teaching aids are the tools that
teachers use them in the classroom
such as flashcards, maps, cassette and
blackboard. A teaching aid is a tool
used by teachers to help learners
improve reading and other skills,
illustrate or reinforce a skill, fact, or
idea, and relieve anxiety, fears, or
 MAIN TOPIC

NON-PROJECTED AIDS
The representation of an
idea, object, event,
process or system.

MODELS
Models provide an environment for
interactive student engagement.
Evidence from science education
research shows that significant
learning gains are achieved when
students participate ininteractive
engagementactivities. Working with
models can enhancesystems
thinkingabilities
REPLICAS
An exact copy or model of
something, especially one
on a smaller scale.
 CHARTS OR
TABLE
A chart is a useful way to present
and display information or
instructions, especially in a
classroom or other educational
situation. It can range in size from
a large wall chart to a single piece
of paper.
 CHARTS OR
TABLE
According to Edgar Dale , a
chart is a visual symbol
summarizing or comparing or
contrasting or performing other
helpful services in explaining
subject matter
a globe is a spherical
model of earth

GLOBE
MAPS
a diagrammatic
representation of an area
of land or sea showing
physical features, cities,
roads, etc.
 An individual animal, plant,
piece of a mineral, etc., used
as an example of its species
or type for scientific study or
display.

SPECIMEN
THANK
YOU :
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