TRIGONOMTETRIC LEVELLING

(Heights and Distances)

BITS Pilani V Vinayaka Ram

Hyderabad Campus
Heights and Distances - Cases

Case 1:
Base of the Object is Accessible

Case 2:
Base of the Object Inaccessible: Instrument stations in
the same vertical plane as the elevated object

Case 3:
Base of the Object Inaccessible: Instrument stations not
in the same vertical plane as the elevated object

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

CASE 1

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

BASE OF THE OBJECT ACCESSIBLE

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

BASE OF THE OBJECT ACCESSIBLE

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

CASE 2

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

 BASE OF THE OBJECT NOT
ACCESSIBLE
INSTRUMENT STATIONS IN THE SAME VERTICAL PLANE AS THAT
OF THE ELEVATED OBJECT
INSTRUMENT AXES AT THE SAME LEVEL

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

 BASE OF THE OBJECT NOT
ACCESSIBLE
INSTRUMENT STATIONS IN THE SAME VERTICAL PLANE AS THAT
OF THE ELEVATED OBJECT
INSTRUMENT AXES AT THE SAME LEVEL

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

CASE 3

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

 BASE OF THE OBJECT NOT
ACCESSIBLE
INSTRUMENT STATIONS IN THE SAME VERTICAL PLANE AS THAT
OF THE ELEVATED OBJECT
INSTRUMENT AXES AT THE DIFFERENT LEVELS
LINE OF COLLIMATION OF A BELOW B

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

 BASE OF THE OBJECT NOT
ACCESSIBLE
INSTRUMENT STATIONS IN THE SAME VERTICAL PLANE AS THAT
OF THE ELEVATED OBJECT
INSTRUMENT AXES AT THE DIFFERENT LEVELS
LINE OF COLLIMATION OF A BELOW B

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

 BASE OF THE OBJECT NOT
ACCESSIBLE
INSTRUMENT STATIONS IN THE SAME VERTICAL PLANE AS THAT
OF THE ELEVATED OBJECT
INSTRUMENT AXES AT THE DIFFERENT LEVELS
LINE OF COLLIMATION OF A ABOVE B

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

 BASE OF THE OBJECT NOT
ACCESSIBLE
INSTRUMENT STATIONS IN THE SAME VERTICAL PLANE AS THAT
OF THE ELEVATED OBJECT
INSTRUMENT AXES AT THE DIFFERENT LEVELS
LINE OF COLLIMATION OF A ABOVE B

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

 BASE OF THE OBJECT NOT
ACCESSIBLE
INSTRUMENT STATIONS IN THE SAME VERTICAL PLANE AS THAT
OF THE ELEVATED OBJECT
INSTRUMENT AXES AT THE DIFFERENT LEVELS

PLUS SIGN MINUS SIGN

CASE CASE

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

CASE 4

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

 BASE OF THE OBJECT NOT
ACCESSIBLE
INSTRUMENT STATIONS IN THE SAME VERTICAL PLANE AS THAT
OF THE ELEVATED OBJECT
INSTRUMENT AXES AT VERY DIFFERENT LEVELS

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

 BASE OF THE OBJECT NOT
ACCESSIBLE
INSTRUMENT STATIONS IN THE SAME VERTICAL PLANE AS THAT
OF THE ELEVATED OBJECT
INSTRUMENT AXES AT VERY DIFFERENT LEVELS

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

 BASE OF THE OBJECT NOT
ACCESSIBLE
INSTRUMENT STATIONS IN THE SAME VERTICAL PLANE AS THAT
OF THE ELEVATED OBJECT
INSTRUMENT AXES AT VERY DIFFERENT LEVELS

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

 BASE OF THE OBJECT NOT
ACCESSIBLE
INSTRUMENT STATIONS IN THE SAME VERTICAL PLANE AS THAT
OF THE ELEVATED OBJECT
INSTRUMENT AXES AT VERY DIFFERENT LEVELS

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

 BASE OF THE OBJECT NOT
ACCESSIBLE
INSTRUMENT STATIONS IN THE SAME VERTICAL PLANE AS THAT
OF THE ELEVATED OBJECT
INSTRUMENT AXES AT VERY DIFFERENT LEVELS

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

 BASE OF THE OBJECT NOT
ACCESSIBLE
INSTRUMENT STATIONS IN THE SAME VERTICAL PLANE AS THAT
OF THE ELEVATED OBJECT
INSTRUMENT AXES AT VERY DIFFERENT LEVELS

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

CASE 5

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

 BASE OF THE OBJECT NOT
ACCESSIBLE
INSTRUMENT STATIONS NOT IN THE SAME VERTICAL PLANE OF
THE ELEVATED OBJECT

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

 BASE OF THE OBJECT NOT
ACCESSIBLE
INSTRUMENT STATIONS NOT IN THE SAME VERTICAL PLANE THE
ELEVATED OBJECT

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

 BASE OF THE OBJECT NOT
ACCESSIBLE
INSTRUMENT STATIONS NOT IN THE SAME VERTICAL PLANE THE
ELEVATED OBJECT

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

 BASE OF THE OBJECT NOT
ACCESSIBLE
INSTRUMENT STATIONS NOT IN THE SAME VERTICAL PLANE THE
ELEVATED OBJECT

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

 BASE OF THE OBJECT NOT
ACCESSIBLE
INSTRUMENT STATIONS NOT IN THE SAME VERTICAL PLANE THE
ELEVATED OBJECT

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

 BASE OF THE OBJECT NOT
ACCESSIBLE
INSTRUMENT STATIONS NOT IN THE SAME VERTICAL PLANE THE
ELEVATED OBJECT

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

CASE 6

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

BASE AND TOP OF THE TALL OBJECT
ARE VISIBLE BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE
Base line horizontal and in line with
the object

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

BASE AND TOP OF THE TALL OBJECT
ARE VISIBLE BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE
Base line horizontal and in line with
the object

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

BASE AND TOP OF THE TALL OBJECT
ARE VISIBLE BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE
Base line horizontal and in line with
the object

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

BASE AND TOP OF THE TALL OBJECT
ARE VISIBLE BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE
Base line horizontal and in line with
the object

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

BASE AND TOP OF THE TALL OBJECT
ARE VISIBLE BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE
Base line horizontal and in line with
the object

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

CASE 7

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

BASE AND TOP OF THE TALL OBJECT
ARE VISIBLE BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE
Base line not in line with the object

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

BASE AND TOP OF THE TALL OBJECT
ARE VISIBLE BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE
Base line not in line with the object

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

BASE AND TOP OF THE TALL OBJECT
ARE VISIBLE BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE
Base line not in line with the object

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

BASE AND TOP OF THE TALL OBJECT
ARE VISIBLE BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE
Base line horizontal but not in line
with the object

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

CASE 8

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

THREE INSTRUMENT STATIONS IN
ONE LINE

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

THREE INSTRUMENT STATIONS IN
ONE LINE

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

THREE INSTRUMENT STATIONS IN
ONE LINE

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

THREE INSTRUMENT STATIONS IN
ONE LINE

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

THREE INSTRUMENT STATIONS IN
ONE LINE

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

THREE INSTRUMENT STATIONS IN
ONE LINE

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

THREE INSTRUMENT STATIONS IN
ONE LINE

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

 NUMERICALS - 1

In order to ascertain the elevation of the top

(Q) of the signal on a hill, observations were
made from two instrument stations P and R
at a horizontal distance 100m apart, the
stations P and R being in line with Q. The
angles of elevation of Q at P and R were 280
42 and 180 6 respectively. The staff
readings upon the bench mark of elevation
287.28m were respectively 2.870 and 3.750
when the instrument was at P and at R, the
telescope being horizontal. Determine the
elevation of the foot of the signal if the
height of the signal above its base is 3m.
BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
NUMERICALS - 1

STEP 1
DRAW THE SKETCH

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

 NUMERICALS - 1
In order to ascertain the elevation of the top (Q) of the signal on a hill,
observations were made from two instrument stations P and R at a horizontal
distance 100m apart, the stations P and R being in line with Q. The angles of
elevation of Q at P and R were 280 42 and 180 6 respectively. The staff readings
upon the bench mark of elevation 287.28m were respectively 2.870 and 3.750
when the instrument was at P and at R, the telescope being horizontal.
Determine the elevation of the foot of the signal if the height of the signal above
its base is 3m.

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

 NUMERICALS - 1

STEP 2
LIST / RECALL THE FORMULAE
NEEDED

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

FORMULAE

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

 ANSWERS

D = 152.1m
h1 = 83.264m
h2 = 82.396m
RL of the foot of the signal = 370.414m (from h1)
RL of the foot of the signal = 370.426m (from h2)

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

 NUMERICALS - 2

The top Q of a chimney was sighted from 2

stations P and R at very different levels, the
stations P and R being in line with the top of the
chimney. The angle of elevation from P to the
top of the chimney was 380 21 and that from R
to the top of the chimney was 210 18. The angle
of elevation from R to a vane 2m above the foot
of the staff held at P was 150 11. The heights of
instrument at P and R were 1.87m and 1.64m
respectively. The horizontal distance between P
and R was 127m and the Reduced level of R was
112.78m. Find the RL of the top of the chimney
and the horizontal distance from P to the
chimney BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
NUMERICALS - 2

STEP 1
DRAW THE SKETCH

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

 NUMERICALS - 2
The top Q of a chimney was sighted from 2 stations P and R at very different levels, the stations
P and R being in line with the top of the chimney. The angle of elevation from P to the top of the
chimney was 380 21 and that from R to the top of the chimney was 21 0 18. The angle of
elevation from R to a vane 2m above the foot of the staff held at P was 15 0 11. The heights of
instrument at P and R were 1.87m and 1.64m respectively. The horizontal distance between P
and R was 127m and the Reduced level of R was 112.78m. Find the RL of the top of the chimney
and the horizontal distance from P to the chimney

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

 NUMERICALS - 2

STEP 2
LIST / RECALL THE FORMULAE
NEEDED

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

NUMERICALS - 2

D = {(b tan 2 s) / (tan 1 tan 2)}

h1 = D tan 1
h2 = (b+D) tan 2 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
 ANSWERS

D = 152.1m
h1 = 83.264m
h2 = 82.396m
RL of the foot of the signal = 370.414m (from h1)
RL of the foot of the signal = 370.426m (from h2)

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

 NUMERICALS - 3

To find the elevation of the top (Q) of the hill, a flag staff of 2m
height was installed and observations were made from two
stations P and R, 60m apart. The horizontal angle measured at
P between R and the top of the flag staff was 60 0 30 and that
measured at R between the top of the flag staff and P was 68 0
18. The angle of elevation to the top of the flag staff P was
measured to be 100 12 at P. The angle of elevation to the top of
the flag staff was measured to be 100 48 at R. Staff readings on
BM when the instrument was at P is 1.965m and that with the
instrument at R is 2.055m. Calculate the elevation of the top of
the hill if that of BM was 435.065m.

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

NUMERICALS - 3

STEP 1
DRAW THE SKETCH

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

NUMERICALS - 3

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

 NUMERICALS - 3

STEP 2
LIST / RECALL THE FORMULAE
NEEDED

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

NUMERICALS - 3

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

ANSWERS

h1 = 12.87m
h2 = 12.78m
RL of Q= 449.900m (from h1)
RL of Q= 449.900m (from h2)

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

 BITS Pilani
Hyderabad Campus

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