CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY

Presented by :
Felix Vong Zhi Wei 0318462
Aaron Ngu Nguok Soon
Lim Chu Ning
Chen Shin Yee 0322650
FORMWORK?
Support structure and moulds to create structures out of
concrete.
Made by using steel, wood, aluminium and
prefabricated forms.
Cost of formwork is about 30%-40%
Do youof the concrete
know
cost. Reusable forms known as
panel forms
&
Non-reusable forms known as
stationery forms
FORMWORK?
A good formwork
- Water tight
- Strong
- Reusable
Major considered in formwork
- Quality; sufficient and accuracy of the size, shape and
position.
- Safety; sufficient strength and factor of safety.
- Economy; built efficiently, minimizing time and cost.
A good formwork should satisfy the following
requirements :
1. It should be strong enough to withstand all types of dead and live loads.
2. It should be rigidly constructed and efficiently propped and braced both horizontally and
vertically, so as to retain its shape.
3. The joints in the formwork should be tight against leakage of cement grout.
4. Construction of formwork should permit removal of various parts in desired sequences
without damage to the concrete.
5. The material of the formwork should be cheap, easily available and should be suitable for
reuse.
6. The formwork should be set accurately to the desired line and levels should have plane
surface.
7. It should be as light as possible.
8. The material of the formwork should not warp or get distorted when exposed to the
elements.
9. It should rest on firm base.
FORMWORK FOR COLUMN
It consists of the
following
- Side & End
Planks
- Yoke
- Nut & Bolts
Two end & two
side planks are
joined bt the
yokes and bolts.
COLUMN FORMWORK
Function :
1. Enable the construction of columns have the specified
surface quality.
2. Acceptably accurate in shape and position with good
alignment to other adjacent columns, walls and
building facades.

.Constructed with the columns reinforcement must

extending well above the form
.So it can lap with the reinforcement of the next column
COLUMN FORMWORK
CONSTRUCTION
Most column forming methods use plywood to form
faces.
The corner junctions of the plywood must be detailed to
achieve the maximum tightening action from the
column clamps.
Timber angle fillets are used to form the arise.
CIRCULAR COLUMN FORMWORK
-Fabricated steel, -Timber sheathing -Cardboard tube,
usually two tied with one-off formwork,
pieces, with standard column available in a
bolted joints. clamps, corner range of
need to have diameters. Cut to
wedges to to waste after
support. concrete is
For larger poured.
columns
COLUMN FORMWORK CONSTRUCTION
STAGES
Column formwork bracing
Column formwork bracing performs TWO function :
1. Maintain the accuracy of the column form position and
plumb.
2. With stand results of forces acting on either the
column formwork or the bracing.
BEAM FORMWORK
Beam formwork must be
thickened timber or
strengthened plywood
Deep beams should have
waters and ties.
Props or falsework must be
placed under the headtree
or bearers, and must
spaced to suit the weight
of concrete.
Erection sequence for constructing beam
formwork
1. Position of sole plates.
2. Marking out and setting heights for falseworks.
3. Assemble and position props, adjustable head jacks,
falseworks, bearers and spreaders.
4. Construct and erect side walls and beam formwork.
STEEL FORMWORK
This consists of panels fabricated out of the thin steel
plates stiffened along the edges by small steel angles.
The panel units can be held together through the use of
suitable clamps or bolts and nuts.
The panels can be fabricated in large number in any
desired modular shape or size.
Steel forms are largely used in large projects or in situation
where large number reuses of the shuttering is possible.
This type of shuttering is considered most suitable for
circular or curved structures.
STEEL FORMWORK
Steel formwork is made of
- Steel sheets - Tee iron

- Angle iron
 For heavy concrete work
With reasonable care will last indefinitely
High initial cost and high handling cost
Advantages of steel Disadvantages of steel
formwork formwork

It can be used for a no. of times.

It is non absorbent.
Limited size or shape.
Smooth finish surface obtained.
Excessive loss of heat.
No shrinkage of formwork occurs.
A very smooth surface will be produced which would give
Easy to use. problems for finishing process.

Its volume is less. Limited fixing.

Its strength is more.

ALUMINIUM FORMWORK
Manufactured using light weight aluminium.
Made up of aluminium metal frame that provides very
sturdy and durable mold for pouring concrete.
ADVANTAGES OF ALUMINIUM
FORMWORK
Quickly and accurately assembled.
Reduces the labour cost owing to its easy installation.
Light weight component provides low pressure on the lower part of the buildings.
Aluminium metal surface offers easy cleaning after concrete is removed.
Faster construction cycles.
Easy to handle.
High quality finishes.
Can be easily recycled.
Can be repeatedly used without losing quality
Safe work platforms.
High salvage cost.
Fewer burdens on environment.
DISADVANTAGES OF ALUMINIUM
FORMWORK
Initial high investment.
Compares very poorly on modifications, against brick
work constructions.
Fear of theft of valuable Aluminium Extrusions & sheets
& hence kit not being complete at critical stages of
construction.
Mass Housing projects are not as high for investing in
large number of Aluminium Formwork.
TIMBER FORMWORK
Material used :
Most common material
used for bracing the
member, hence called as
the traditional formwork.
Can easily be cut to size
on site. Joist are replaced
with engineered wood
beams and supports are
replaced with metal props.
This makes this method
more systematic and
ADVANTAGES OF TIMBER
FORMWORK
Easy handling because it is light weight.
Easy to disassemble.
Damaged parts can be replaced with new one.
Very flexible.
Easy to produce.
Easily available.
DISADVANTAGES OF TIMBER
FORMWORK
Limited size of shape.
Excessive loss of heat.
A very smooth surface will be produced which would
give problems for finishing process.
Limited fixing.
SLAB FOUNDATIONS
A slab foundation is an extension of a slab floor.
Cast when the floor is placed.
Sometimes called thickened edge slab.
Should extend below the frost line.
Reinforcement is recommended.
Advantages : - required less time
- labor
- expense to construct
PLYWOOD FORMWORK
Most common material used for the facing panel.
Easily cut to shape on site.
Reusable.
Thinner plywood is used to facilitate bending.
Thicker plywood is used when the weight of concrete
caused a standard thickness plywood to blow out, it
might distorting the concrete face.
PLYWOOD FORM ( IN COMBINATION
WITH TIMBER )
Concrete shuttering plywood is bwp grade plywood,
preservative treated and specially suited for use in
concrete shuttering and formwork.
The plywood is built up of odd number of layers with
grain of adjacent layers perpendicular to each other.
Plywood is used extensively for formwork for concrete,
especially fpr sheathing, decking and form linings.
There are two types of plywood internal and exterior.
The interior type is bonded with water resistant glue and
exterior type is bonded with water proof glue.
PLASTIC FORMWORK
These forms have become
increasingly popular for casting
unique shapes and patterns
being designed in concrete
because of the excellent finish
obtained requiring minimum or
no surface treatment and repairs.
Different types of plastic forms
are available like glass reinforced
plastic, fiber reinforced plastic
and thermoplastics etc.
Fiberglass-reinforced plastic is the
most common and has several
advantages such as
The material allows greater freedom of design.
Unusual textures and designs can be molded into the
form.
It allows the contractor to pour structural and finished
concrete
Simultaneously because sections can be joined on the
job site in such a way so as to eliminate joints, there is
no size limitation. If carefully handed, a number of
reuses are possible making it highly.
Economical it is lightweight and easily stripped.
~THE END~