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NITHIN JOJI S 1527523
SUJITHA R 1527655
MANJUTHA D 1527641
VA R A N A S I A PA R N A C H A N D R I K A 1 5 2 7 5 5 9
MAGNETIC
REFRIGERATION
SYSTEM
THE PRINCIPLE BEHIND MRS
Magnetic refrigeration is based on theMagnetocaloric
Effect(MCE).
Fabrication process is not yet optimised ,production costs are still high.
This system uses the principle of boiling the water below 1000 C.
If the pressure on the surface of the water is reduced below
atmospheric pressure, water can be made boil at low
temperatures. Water boils at 60 C, when the pressure on the
surface is 5 cm of Hg and at 100 C, when the pressure is 6.5 cms
of Hg.
The very low pressure or high vacuum on the surface of the water
can be maintained by throttling the steam through jets or nozzles.
WORKING OF STEAM JET
REFRIGERATOR
ADVANTAGES
It is flexible in operation; cooling capacity can be easily and quickly
changed.
It has no moving parts as such it is vibration free.
It can be installed out of doors.
The weight of the system per ton of refrigerating capacity is less.
The system is very reliable and maintenance cost is less.
The system is particularly adapted to the processing of cold water used
in rubber mills,, distilleries, paper mills, food processing plants, etc.
This system is particularly used in air-conditioning installations, because
of the complete safety of water as refrigerant and ability to adjust
quickly to load variations and no hazard from the leakage of the
refrigerant.
DISADVANTAGES
The use of direct evaporation to produce chilled water is
usually limited as tremendous volume of vapor is to be
handled.
About twice as much heat must be removed in the condenser
of steam jet per ton of refrigeration compared with the vapor
compression system.
The system is useful for comfort air-conditioning, but it is not
practically feasible for water temperature below 40 C.
LIQUID NITROGEN
R E F R I G E R ATI O N
(LIN)
LIQUID NITROGEN REFRIGERATION
(LIN)
LIN is an effective and convenient method of refrigeration due
to its availability, low cost and inert properties
Its a practical cryogen due to its low boiling point
temperatures of (-195.8C)
High refrigeration capacity at low pressure
Even at elevated pressures, the thermal properties of LIN make
it an effective method to rapidly cool processes to low
temperatures
CYROPELLETIZATION
This is a low temperature technique for manufacturing pellets
that are most often spherical in shape
Size ranges from 0.5 mm to 5 mm in diameter
Used on heat sensitive materials like bacterial cultures and
probiotics
This flash freezes materials and is used to prevent separation
of components in the solution
LIN REFRIGERATION METHODS
DRY ICE
REFRIGERATION
DRY ICE REFRIGERATION
Solid Carbon dioxide (CO2) is called dry ice and it has a peculiar
characteristics that it changes from solid state to vapour state
without getting converted into intermediate liquid state
(sublimation).
The sublimation temperature of dry ice at atmospheric
pressure is -78C.
Dry ice is used to preserve foodstuff during transportation. Now
a days it is universally used to preserve food in air-
transportation.
Dry ice slabs are usually packed in frozen food cartons on
either side or on the top of the food packages, dry ice absorbs
heat from the foodstuff and preserve them in the frozen state.
DRY ICE REFRIGERATION
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