Constructiv

ism:
Knowledge
Construction/Concept
Learning
 Teaching is not about filling
up the pail, it is about lighting
a fire

Constructivism: focuses on
knowledge construction. It is a
theory of knowledge that argues
that humans generate knowledge
and meaning from an interaction
between their experiences and
their ideas.
 2 views of
constructivism

Individual
Constructivism
Social Constructivism
 Individual
constructivism:
also called
cognitive
constructivism.
emphasizes
individual,
internal
construction of
knowledge
 Social
constructivis
m: knowledge
exist in a social
context and is
initially shared
with others
instead of being
represented
solely in the
mind of an
individual
 Characteristics of
Constructivism

1. Learners construct understanding.

2. New learning depends on current
understanding.
3. Learning is facilitated by social
interaction.
4. Meaningful learning occurs within
authentic learning tasks.
Organizing Knowledge

Concepts: a concept is a way

of grouping or categorizing
objects or events in our mind.
Concepts as Feature Lists
learning a concept involves
learning specific features that
characterize positive instance of
the concept.
a. defining feature -
characteristic present in ALL
instances
b. correlational feature -
present in many positive
 Concepts as Prototypes prototype
is an idea or visual image of a
typical example. It is usually formed
based on the positive instances that
learners encounter most often.

Concepts as Exemplars
exemplars represent a variety of
examples. It allows learners to know
that an example under a concept may
have variability
Making concept-learning effective
a) Provide a clear definition of the concept
b) Make the defining features very concrete and
prominent
c) Give a variety of positive instances
d) Give negative instances
e) Cite a best example or a prototype
f) Provide opportunity for learners to identify
positive and negative instances
g) Ask learners to think of their own example of
the concept
h) Point out how concepts can be related to each
other
Schemas and Scripts
schema is an organized body
of knowledge about something
script is a schema that
includes a series of
predictable events about a
specific activity.
 Applying Constructivism in
Facilitating Learning
Aim to make learners understand a few
key ideas in an in-depth manner, rather
than taking up so many topics superficially.
Give varied examples
Provide opportunities for experimentation
Provide lots of opportunities for quality
interaction
Have lots of hands-on activities
Relate your topic to real life situations
Do not depend on the explanation method
all the time.