Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
3
pp-Collisions : Complications
Protons have structure Parton
distributions
Underlying event
Pile-up: approximate 20 collisions per
bunch crossing in 2012 (more in future
Pile-up 2012!!
Much more in 2015+
Z event with ~20 reconstructed vertices (2012)
Proton-proton Collisions
Most interactions due to collisions at large distance between incoming
protons where protons interact as a whole
small momentum transfer (p /x )
particles in final state have large longitudinal momentum but small
transverse momentum (scattering at large angle is small)
Structure function
measurements eg
from HERA
Simple spread of existing PDFs gives
up to 10% uncertainty on Higgs cross
Now also LHC pp
section. Possible gain ~ factor of 2
data used to
with final HERA data (PDF4LHC)
constrain PDFs
Proton-Proton Collisions
Cross sections at the LHC
Well known
processes, dont
need to keep all of
them
New Physics!!
This we want to keep!!
Standard Model Measurements
Standard Model measurements form an integer part of the
physics program of the LHC
Precision measurements allow test for a wide range of SM
predictions, and extract fundamental parameters (eg s)
Requires matching precision at theory prediction side
Important to understand backgrounds for searches for new
physics
Cross Sections Many processes studied: Examples
Soft pp Collisions
The Total Cross Section
Elastic pp-> pp
Diffractive
Non-Diffractive
First Measurement:
The total cross section
The TOTEM Experiment
12
Elastic/Total pp Cross Section
TOTEM = Roman Pots + Forward Detectors
TOTEM uses the same IP as CMS (IP5) EPL 101 21004 (2003
Alfa result
arXiv:1408.5778
Total Inelastic Cross Section @ 8 TeV
A new measurement from ATLAS using their ALFA spectrometer
using the optical theorem
arXiv:1607.06605
Value at 8
TeV
is 1.9 lower
compared to
TOTEM!
Total Inelastic Cross Section @ 13 TeV
rst very rough measurement from ATLAS counting inelastic events
easured with single side events in the detector to constrain diffraction
arXiv:1606.02625
Diffractive Cross Sections
arXiv:1208.4968
Diffraction at the LHC
arXiv:1503.08689
Run-II+ detectors:
FSCs, TOTEM-CMS, ALFA, Low mass extrapolation?
upgrades
Understanding Particle Production
Proton-Proton Collisions:
What particles are produced and with what energies and angles?
First Publication with 13 TeV Data!
Using the
pixel detector
LHC @ 13 TeV Results
arXiv:1602.01633
arXiv:1507.05915 arXiv:1602.01633
7 TeV
900 GeV
Correlations Between Produced Particles
Select high multiplicity events
Study the correlation between
two charged particles in the
angles (transverse):
and (longitudinal):
= -ln tan/2
All events High multiplicity events
A new phenomenon
in the stronge force?
Multiple interactions?
Glass condensates?
Hydrodynamic models
JHEP 1009 (2010) 091
Understanding the Ridge in pp collisions? New measurements at
13 TeV!
Correlations Between Produced Particles
Agreement with NLO calculations over the full range, up to and beyond
2 TeV pT jets QCD predictions work well
Jet Studies
Plenty of studies with jets
Analyse boosted/merged
jets arXiv:0802.2470
World average
arXiv:1304.7498
Determination of s
Several processes
used to extract s
7 TeV analysis
NLO extractions
Theory uncert.
dominate
arXiv:1304.7498
arXiv:1412.1633
arXiv:1410.6765
arXiv:1307.1907
global fits
jets
top W
photons
Heavy Ion Collisions
Heavy Ion Collisions
Lead-lead collisions at the LHC to study the primordial plasma,
a state of matter in the early moments of the Universe
Hundreds of particles
in the detector
CMS-PAS-SMP-15-004
any detailed EWK studies possible and done-- with the large Z,W sample
W and Z Production at 13 TeV
arXiv:1603.09222
W+/W- ratio: uncertainty: 0.8%
Spring 2014
Using Tevatron and
Good agreement with the SM prediction
LHC combination of the
up to the new 13 TeV
mass measurements
Precision at 13 TeV already up to ~5%
Top Mass Determination
Steady improvements over the
last years in run-1
All single top processes have been studied in run one by CMS and ATLA
ncluding differential cross sections and angular measurements
arXiv:1411.4413
Published in Nature
December 2013
Higgs Production & Decay
Processes
Gluon fusion
Vector Boson Fusion
W/Z associated prod.
Top associated prod
B-quark associated prod?
All accessible
channels studied
Most cited LHC paper so far...
Special Physics Letters B
edition with the ATLAS and
CMS papers on the Higgs Also
Discovery
Elsevier
PHYSICSLETTERSB
124.7
mass, 8.1(6.0) 1.440.4
HZZ4l 4.6+20.7 5.1+19.7 discovery,
125.6
couplings 6.8(6.7) 0.93+0.290.25
Compatible
6.1(5.8) 1.09+0230.21
cross with125GeV
HWW2l2 4.6+20.7 4.9+19.4 section, 125.5+3.6
couplings 4.3(5.8) 3.8 0.72+0.200.18
(=1)
1.4(2.6)
0.52+0.400.27
couplings
Hbb 4.5+20.3 5.1+18.9
tofermions Compatible
2.1(2.1) 1.00.5
with125GeV
Compatible
couplings 4.5(3.4) 1.43+0.430.37
H 20.3 4.9+19.4 with125GeV
tofermions 3.2(3.7) 1227GeV 0.780.27
Overall consistency with SM H boson
Spin/Parity Studies
Combined study of HZZ and HWW
CMS-PAS-HIG-14-014
O+ hypothesis is
always favoured
in the compariso
arXiv:1503.07589
CMS+ATLAS Mass Paper
First common paper CMS+ATLAS!!
Coupling Measurements
Signal strength/SM:
13 TeV Higgs Results: Higgs ->
2016 data
Observed 5.6
Expected 6.2
= 0.91
CMS-HIG-16-020
2016 data
= 0.95
ATLAS-CONF-2016-067
Standard Model
does fine!
2016 data
Observed 6.2
Expected 6.5
= 0.99
CMS-HIG-16-033
ATLAS-CONF-06-079