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Engineering Technology
PART II
Capacitors, Inductors, AC circuits
Dr. Boskovich
Capacitors
Dr. Boskovich
Metal
plate
Dielectric material
-
- -
- -q
- -
+
+ + - -
+q + + +
+
+
+ -
V
-
- -
- -q
- -
+
+ + - -
+q + + +
+
+
+ -
V
ETT 201 7-5
Capacitance
Capacitance is the ratio of the charge on one plate of
a capacitor to the voltage difference between the two
plates
The Energy stored in a capacitors in the field is a
function of how long the voltage is applied and at the
rate the charge (current) is applied at
(Recall that current is defined as the change of charge
in time)
-
- -
QI x t - -
- -q
+
+ + - -
+q + +
i +
+
and +
+ -
V
ETT 201 7-6
Capacitance
Using the relationship of voltage, current, and time
Work can be expressed
-
- -
- -q
- -
+
+ + - -
i +q + + +
+
+
+ -
V
ETT 201 7-7
Capacitance
Using the relationship of voltage, current, and time
Work can be expressed
-
- -
- -q
- -
+
+ + - -
i +q + + +
+
+
+ -
V
ETT 201 7-8
Electric Fields
As charge accumulates on the plates of the capacitor, a
field is created
The Charge is measured in Coulombs of charge
For a parallel plate capacitor, the flux between the
plates is C
Flux~>Charge
d
D is the Electric Flux Density -
- -
per unit Area + - -Q
- -
+ -
- - -
+Q + -
+
i E
+ -
V
ETT 201 7-9
Electric Fields
As charge accumulates on the plates of the capacitor, a
field is created
The Charge is measured in Coulombs of charge
For a parallel plate capacitor, the flux between the
plates is C
E is the electric Field
d
D is the Electric Flux Density -
- -
+ - -Q
- -
is the permittivity of the dielectric + -
- - -
material +Q + -
+
i E
+ -
V
ETT 201 7-10
Electric Fields
As charge accumulates on the plates of the capacitor, a
field is created
The Charge is measured in Coulombs of charge
For a parallel plate capacitor, the flux between the
plates is C
E is the electric Field
d
D is the Electric Flux Density
-
- -
+ - -Q
is the permittivity of the dielectric - -
-
material + - - -
+Q + -
+
i E
+ -
V
ETT 201 7-11
Types of Capacitors
Electrolytics
Used in filters
Stores larges amounts of energy for
preventing power dips
Found in Power Supplies
Starting Capacitors for large Motors
Tend to be large value capacitors
1uF 1000uF
Ceramic
Used in filters
Filters out higher frequency ETT 201 7-12
Parallel Capacitors
Find the Equivalent Capacitance
The voltage across each capacitor is the same V
The Total Charge is the sum of the Charges (recall KCL
and Current Charge Relationships)
+
C1 C2 Cn
V
and +
C1 C2 Cn
V
and +
C1 C2 Cn
V
Therefore -
V Ceq
-
ETT 201 7-15
Series Capacitors
Make use of KVL as the drop in voltage around a loop of
capacitors
V i +
V1 C1
-
+ +
V V2 C2
-
-
+
Vn Cn
-
V i +
V1 C1
and V -
+ +
V V2 C2
-
-
+
Vn Cn
-
V i +
V1 C1
and V -
i
+ + +
Therefore V V2 C2 Ceq
- V
- -
+
Vn Cn
-
V i +
V1 C1
and V -
i
+ + +
Therefore V V2 C2 Ceq
- V
- -
+
Vn Cn
-
-
+
V3 C3 =0.33uf
-
-
+
V3 C3 =0.33uf
-
-
+
V3 C3 =0.33uf
-
3.3uf
+
V 1.0uf 4.7uf
- 6.3uf
3.3uf
+
V 1.0uf 4.7uf
- 6.3uf
3.3uf
+
V 1.0uf 4.7uf
- 6.3uf
3.3uf
+
V 1.0uf 4.7uf
- 6.3uf