PHYLOSOPHY OF EDUCATION

can be defined as the

study of the purposes,
processes, nature and
ideals of education.
5 MAJOR EDUCATIONAL
PHILOSOPHIES

1. Essentialism
2. Progressivism
3. Perennialism
4. Existentialism
5. Behaviorisms
EDUCATIONAL ESSENTIALISM
Originally
popularized in the 1930s by the
American educator William Bagley (1874 A
1946).
 It is aneducational philosophy whose
adherentsbelievethat children should learn
the traditional basic subjects thoroughly.
Aim is to instill students with the
"essentials" of academic knowledge,
enacting a back-to-basics approach.

Ensures that the accumulated wisdom of

our civilization as taught in the traditional
academic disciplines is passed on from
teacher to student.
PRINCIPLES OF ESSENTIALISM
Essentialism is a relativelyconservativestance to
education that strives to teach students the
knowledge of a society and civilization through a
core curriculum.

Essentialism as a teacher-centered
philosophy
The teacher must interpret essentials of
the learning process, take
theleadershipposition and set thetoneof
the classroom.
ADVANTAGES:
Extremely orderly, academically, systematic and
emphasizes discipline.

DISADVANTAGES:

No emphasis on students needs and

interest. May cause cultural delay
between the students and society.
EDUCATIONAL PROGRESSIVISM

Believing that people learn best from what

they consider most relevant to their lives,
progressivists center the curriculum
around the experiences, interest and
abilities of students.
It is a child-centered learning.
FIVE STEP METHOD FOR SOLVING
PROBLEMS, PROPOSED BY JOHN
DEWEY
I. Become aware of the problem;
II. Define it;
III. Propose various hypothesis to solve it;
IV. Examine the consequences of each hypothesis
in the light of previous, and
V. Test the most likely solution.
PERENNIALISM
"The Paideia Program seeks to establish a
course of study that is general, not
specialized; liberal, not vocational;
humanistic, not technical. Only in this way
can it fulfill the meaning of the words
"paideia" and "humanities," which signify the
general learning that should be in the
possession of every human being.
The roots of perennialism lie in the
philosophy of
Plato and Aristotle, as well as that of St.
Thomas Aquinas
Perennial means "everlasting," like a
EXISTENTIALISM
The existentialist movement in education is
based on an intellectual attitude that
philosophers term existentialism. Born in
nineteenth-century Europe, existentialism is
associated with such diverse thinkers as
Soren Kierkegaard (1813-1855), a passionate
Christian, and
Friedrich Nietzsche (1811 1900)
For the existentialist, there exists no
universal form of human nature; each of us
has the free will to develop as we see fit.
The teacher's role is to help students define
their own essence by exposing them to
BEHAVIORISM
"Give me a dozen healthy infants, well
informed, and my own specified world to
bring them up in and I'll guarantee to take
anyone at random and train him to become
any type of specialist I might select--doctor,
lawyer, artist, merchant-chief; and yes, even
beggar-man and thief, regardless of his
talents, penchants, tendencies, abilities,
vocations, and race of his ancestors." John
Watson
Behaviorism has its roots in the early 1900s
in the work of the Russian experimental
psychologist Ivan Pavlov (1848-1936) and
the American psychologist , John Watson