Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
L2 = 24 cm
Carrier
Code
Satellite Signal Structure
Carrier L1 L2
Frequency 1575.42 MHz 1227.60 MHz
Wavelength 19cm 24cm
from satellite
Solving for the Integer
Ambiguity yields
centimeter precision
Carrier Phase Results
su r ed
Mea
uced
Red
Baseline or Vector
(cm precision)
Azi = 212o 42 49.8244 X = -408.251 m
Dist = 557.053 m OR Y = -84.830 m
Elev = 4 .875 m Z = -369.413 m
ECEF Coordinate System
ECEF +Z
X = -2691542.5437 m
Y = -4301026.4260 m
Z = 3851926.3688 m
Z
Y
X
-Y
+X
Reference Ellipsoid
a = semi-major axis
b = semi-minor axis
(a b)
Flattening f
a
latitude
H
longitude
H ellipsoidal height
b
a
WGS-84 Ellipsoid a
a = 6378137.000000 m
b = 6356752.314245 m
1/f = 298.2572235630
ECEF and WGS-84
ECEF +Z WGS-84
X = -2691542.5437 m = 37o 23 26.38035 N
Y = -4301026.4260 m = 122o 02 16.62574 W
Z = 3851926.3688 m H = -5.4083 m
H
b
Z
Y
X a
-Y
+X
GPS Heights vs. Elevations
ce
rf a
s Su
th
H Ea
r
e e H
N e H soid
N El
lip
N
e = Orthometric Height
H = Ellipsoid Height
e oid
N = Geoid Height G
e=H-N
Good Satellite Geometry
Poor Satellite Geometry
Atmospheric Effects
Ionosp
here
Tropos
phere
< 10 km > 10 km
Multipath
GPS Surveying Techniques
Technique for Survey Task
Questions ?