PRIMACY-RECENCY EFFECT

HOW THE BRAIN WORKS, 2nd ed., by David A.

Sousa
Primacy - Recency Effect
PRIMACY EFFECT
The primacy effect, in psychology and
sociology, is a cognitive behavior that results
from disproportionate salience of initial
stimuli or observations.
This is due to the fact that the short-term
memory at the beginning of whatever is
being presented, is far less "crowded because
there are far fewer items being processed in
the brain. Thus these items are "transferred"
to the long-term memory for longer storage.
RECENCY EFFECT
The recency effect, in psychology, is a
cognitive behavior that results from
disproportionate salience of recent stimuli
or final observations.
People tend to recall items that are at the
end of a list rather than items that are in the
middle of a list.
Taken together the primacy effect and the
recency effect predict that, in a list of items,
the ones most likely to be remembered
are the items near the beginning and the
end of the list (serial position effect).
 PRIMACY-RECENCY EFFECT
HOW THE BRAIN WORKS, 2nd ed., by David A.
Sousa
 La#Estructura#de#la#Leccin#
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IAE# IAE## IAE# IAE!!!!!!! !!!!
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Integrative#Application#&#Extension#(IAE):##Activitidades!que!ofrecen!
oportunidades!de!ejecutar!tareas!del!mundo!actual!de!una!manera!independiente!!
(el#significado+la#forma)##
!
Meaningful#&#Personalized#Guided#Practice#(MPGP):##Actividades,!guiadas!por!el!
maestro,!que!aumentan!la!cantidad!y!cualidad!del!idioma!(la#forma+el#significado)!
Vocabulario de Cajas de Cartn
Los Braceros
Derramar
Detenerse
Los Mojados
Amarrar
Indeciso
Las Parras
La Cerca
Econderse
La Migra
Insorportable
Superar
 Primacy-Recency Effect in the
Classroom
New Content-the first 20-25 minutes of
class. This is when you should teach. Take
role later. This is the First Prime Time.
Practice/Review-the middle 15-20 minutes.
Time for a Brain Break. Go over homework, do
an activity, make the students move!
Closure-The last 10-15 minutes. Have
students reflect on the days learning. Journal,
then turn to partner and explain what was
learned. Partner has to take/compare notes. This
is the Second Prime Time.
 Average Retention Rate After 24 hours
The Learning Pyramid, devised by the NTL Institute of Alexandria VA
(based on William Glasser: Schools Without Failure, 1975 and Choice Theory in the
Classroom Revised, 1998)

Lecture 5%

Reading 10%

Audiovisual 20%
 Average Retention Rate After 24 hours
The Learning Pyramid, devised by the NTL Institute of Alexandria
VA
(based on William Glasser: Schools Without Failure, 1975 and Choice Theory in
the Classroom Revised, 1998)

Demonstration 30%

Discussion Group 50%

Practice by Doing/Simulations 75%

 Average Retention Rate After 24 hours
The Learning Pyramid, devised by the NTL Institute of Alexandria VA
(based on William Glasser: Schools Without Failure, 1975 ISBN 0-06-090421-6)

Teach Others/Immediate Use of Learning

90%
Vocabulario de Juan Darin
Entraable
Apacible
Aprontarse
Msero
Hipntico
Desvalido
Cspide
Adherido
Lbrego
Apaciguar
Crepcsculo
Traspasado
TEACHER BEHAVIORS that
ENCHANCE Student Learning
Structuring the Classroom
Activating students current knowledge
Questioning to help students
Responding to help students
Summarizing/Processing new learning
Modeling behaviors and strategies
NINE INSTRUCTIONAL
STRATEGIES (Marzano)
Identifying Similarities/Differences
Summarizing and Note taking
Reinforcing Effort/Providing Recognition
Homework and Practice
Nonlinguistic Representations
Cooperative Learning
Setting Objectives/Providing Feedback
Generating/Testing Hypothesis
Questions, Cues, Advance organizers
MULTIPLE
INTELLIGENCES
VISUAL/SPACIAL
MUSICAL
SPACIAL/MATHEMATICAL
KINESTHETIC
LINGUISTIC
INTRAPERSONAL
INTERPERSONAL
NATURALISTIC
EXISTENTIAL
HOLISTIC GRADES
Vocabulario de Cajas de Cartn
Los Braceros
Derramar
Detenerse
Los Mojados
Amarrar
Indeciso
Las Parras
La Cerca
Econderse
La Migra
Insorportable
Superar
 Vocabulario de Jaque Mate
Socio
Ceder
Implacable
Mrito
Puerto
Lamentar
Tiranizar
Auxiliar
Tensin
Estadstica
Doctorado