Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
MONITORING
OF BIOLOGICAL
DIVERSITY
PASTOR L. MALABRIGO JR.1
1
Department of Forest Biological Sciences, College of Forestry and Natural
Resources,
University of the Philippines Los Baos, College, Laguna
VS. VS.
V
S.
How to measure them?
Assessment VS
Monitoring
Biodiversity assessment
involves conducting a survey or
inventory of the species of an
area.
How complete a species list
through biodiversity assessment
depends on the skills of the
scientist doing the survey, the
methods used, and the length of
Assessment VS
Monitoring
Monitoring consists of intermittent (regular or
irregular) surveillance to ascertain the extent of
compliance to a determined standard or degree of
deviation from an expected norm (Hellawell
1991).
http://www.botany.org/bsa/psb/2001/psb47-1.pdf
Biodiversity
Assessment
Learning
Objectives
Characterize forest types, dominant species,
importance value of each species, and diversity
indices of an area;
Create a taxonomic list of all species in an area,
including endemism, conservation status, and
economic importance of each
Determine the different kinds of threats to the
forest ecosystems and the biodiversity; and
Make recommendations on what species to
monitor, and how the species can be conserved.
Why Assess
Biodiversity?
Philippines is one of the 17 mega-diversity
countries
23rd most plant rich country in the world, 7th in
Asia
2nd hottest spot in the world
3rd most threatened forest ecosystem with only
7% of the natural forests remaining
our knowledge of the diversity and variability of
organisms is incomplete
Biodiversity Crisis
1.7 million described species of 5-10 million
total
250,000 vascular plants described of
320,000 total
At current rate of taxonomic description, it
will take at least 150 years to document all
species
Efforts are underway to increase the number
of taxonomists worldwide
Biodiversity Crisis
Bad taxonomy, of which there has been
plenty, persists. Unlike bad chemistry or bad
physiology, it cannot be ignored; it must be
undone and redone. Poor taxonomy is not
only an ill unto itself; it is contagious, often
with very long incubation period
D.K. McE. Kevan (1973)
Biodiversity
Assessment
Accuracy of assessment is heavily
dependent on the skills of the
scientists doing the survey, sampling
design and intensity or the proportion
of area subjected to inventory
It is impossible to inventory or
measure the whole protected area
www.fao.org;
www.sciwebhop.net
ter B+Wiser Biodiversity Assessment Field Tachniques Training Manual
Modified Belt
Transect
1. Forest formation
2. Maturity of stand
3. Photos (N, E, S, W)
4. Observed
disturbance
Different Forest
Formations
Elevatio Localitie Dominant
Forest formation Soil Soil Water
n s Species
Tropical lowland Lowlands to Zonal soils Inland Dry land Dipterocarps
evergreen rain 1,200 m
forest
Tropical lower (750) 1200- Zonal soils Inland Dry land Benguet Pine,
montane rain 1500m Mindoro pine,
Tanguile, Oaks, Tree
forest
fern
Tropical upper (600) 1500- Zonal soils Inland Dry land Tree ferns,
montane rain 3000m Medinillas,
Rhododendrons
forest
Mangrove forest Just above Muddy clay/silt Estuarine Water table Rhizophora spp.,
sea level high at least Avicennia spp.,
periodically Sonneratia spp.
Freshwater Mostly Eutrophic soil Fresh-water Water table Sagu, Lanipau, Buri
swamp forest lowlands (rich in high at least
minerals) periodically
1. Forest formation
2. Maturity of stand
3. Photos (N, E, S, W)
4. Observed
disturbance
Diversity Assessment
1.Ecosystem level assessment
1. Species diversity
2. Tree measurement (DBH,
Ht)
3. Abundance and frequency
Diversity Assessment
The three zones typical of mangrove habitats in the tropical Pacific, showing the differences
in mangrove species typical of each zone. (Image source: http://www. spc.int/climate-
Mangrove Diversity
Assessment
Belt transect Method
the most applicable sampling
technique.
Transect lines should be established
perpendicular to the baseline at
every 100 meter interval.
A nested 10x10m quadrat will be
established at every 100-meter
Belt transect Method
for Mangrove
Random Meander
Survey
a non-systematic general collection method
to account for other species occurring
outside the survey plots.
With this method, there is a higher chance
of encountering more species occurring in
the area. However, except for the number
of species, it will not give other quantitative
data to determine the dominance or
importance value of each species.
Collection of
Specimens
The Sweinfurths method involves the
soaking of properly labelled
specimens in ethyl alcohol to avoid
rapid wilting and crumpled drying.
Identification of
Specimens
All specimens collected during the survey
period should be dried for long-term
storage and systematically processed
Relevant literature should be consulted
for the initial identification of the dried
plant materials. Specimens will then be
compared with the image database on
type materials of the Philippines for final
identification.
Most Important Information
CORRECT
IDENTIFICATION
OF THE SPECIES