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The surface of a 0.1% C steel gear is to be hardened by carburizing.
In gas carburizing, the steel gears are placed in an atmosphere that
provides 1.2% C at the surface of the steel at a high temperature
(Figure 5-1). Carbon then diffuses from the surface into the steel. For
optimum properties, the steel must contain 0.45% C at a depth of 0.2
cm below the surface. Design a carburizing heat treatment that will
produce these optimum properties. Assume that the temperature is
high enough (at least 900C) so that the iron has the FCC structure.

C0 (or) initial condition = 0.1%

Cs surface =1.2%
C x depth =0.45% C
We find that 10 h are required to successfully carburize a batch of
500 steel gears at 900C, where the iron has the FCC structure. We
find that it costs $1000 per hour to operate the carburizing furnace
at 900C and $1500 per hour to operate the furnace at 1000C. Is it
economical to increase the carburizing temperature to 1000C? What
other factors must be considered?

Devices such as transistors are made by doping semiconductors.

The diffusion coefficient of phosphorus (P) in Si is D 6.5 * 10-13 cm2
s at a temperature of 1100C. Assume the source provides a
surface concentration of 1020 atoms cm3 and the diffusion time is
one hour. Assume that the silicon wafer initially contains no P.
Calculate the depth at which the concentration of P will be 10 18
atoms cm3. State any assumptions you have made while solving
this problem.

Ex 5.8 and 5.9

End