Deepwater

Drilling

By : Tri
Karunoputro
Yogyakarta 10
Feb 2016
What are Different in Deepwater?

Costs
Expensive Rig Time
Logistics
Cold temperatures
Fluids viscosity
Cement setting
Gas Hydrates
Narrow margins between pore and
fracture pressures
Lost Circulation during drilling
Lost returns during cement jobs
Shalow Water/Gas Flow Hazards
Weather/Metocean
Over
Over burden
burden =
= Water
Water weight
weight +
+
Rock
Rock weight
weight
Courtesy of Cook et al. 1
OB gradient vs Water Depth

OB @ 200' WD OB @ 6000' WD
Impact of Water Depth on Fracture Gradients
Onshore 3,000 ft water 6,000 ft water
depth depth
Pore pressure
(hydrostatic)
Frac gradient
Overburden
sea floor
(based on a
constant
density of 2.1
g/cm3)
sea floor
Mud Window
becomes very
narrow near the sea
floor, requiring
additional casing
strings

Increasing water depth reduces the fracture gradient due to the difference
between density of rock vs. water (approx 9 ppg). The problem gets acute
in ultra deepwater when the fracture gradient cannot support columns of
mud even slightly heavier than water.
Fracture Gradient (FG) vs Water
Depth

FG = PP + ( U/(1-
U)OB
Subsea Temperature

f(x) = - 3205.61x + 130121.5

Station Keeping Methods for Offshore Drilling
Units

Dynamically Positioned
Jack-Up Moored semi-submersible
Up to 12,000 ft**
<500 ft <8,000 ft*
anchors Transponders
legs
mooring
lines

1 2 mi
wells wells wells

~100 ft
1000s ft

A jack-up or A moored rig has A DP rig is not physically

platform rig is anchors and mooring attached to the sea-bed but
physically attached lines to attach the rig is in communication with
by legs or a jacket to the sea-bed. transponders on the sea-8
to the sea-bed. bed & satellites to keep
*Of the 31 moored deepwater rigs only 6 are capable of drilling in depths > 6,000station.
ft and only two > 7,000 ft
** DP rigs water depth is limited by the equipment they have on board and not by the positioning system
Watchcircles v Water
Depth
Riser Analysis
 Acceptable- rare; remote occurrence /
Incidental; minor consequence

BM-1: Shallow GeoHazards Prognosis Mitigate unlikely; seldom occurrence /

Moderate; major consequence
Avoid- occasional; likely occurrence /
Severe; Catastrophic consequence

Seabed
Seabed0.50.5
Upper Section degree
degree
inclination
inclination
BM-1
NW SE
H1
H1

Relativel
Relativel H2
H2
yystrong
strong
reflectors
reflectors H10
H10
Relatively
Relatively
44
strong
strong H11
H11
parallel
parallel
reflectors
reflectors
00
H3
H3

H4
H4
Fault-1
Fault-1
Z=
Z=-6000
-6000
ftft H17
H17
00

H18
H18
Fault-2
Fault-2 00
Z=
Z=-6470
-6470
ftft
H19
H19
00

KR5
KR5
00
KR6
KR6
00

Fault-3
Fault-3
Z=
Z= -6800
-6800
ftft
 BM-1: Seabed/Water Bottom
Dip Angle and Variance Attribute Maps

Bisma-
Bisma- Bisma-
Bisma-
11 11
Proposed
Proposed Proposed
Proposed

Dip = 0.38 deg

Seafloor: Dip Angle Seafloor: Variance

Deepwater Drilling
BM-1 well trajectory
Seismic X-Section: Along Well Trajectory

22
NW SE

Water
Water bottom
bottom
Vertical Exaggeration = 1:1 4455ft
4455ft Basemap: KR70 RMS
Seismic:PMDC_CAL_ASTK_T2D_5-45 36

Fault-1
Fault-1
Z=
Z= -6000
-6000
ftft

Fault-2
Fault-2
Z=
Z=-6470
-6470
KR50
KR50 ftft

KR60
KR60 Fault-3
Fault-3
Z=
Z=-6800
-6800
ftft
KR70
KR70
20 Top
Top
Target
Target
13-5/8

9-5/8

Base
Base
Target
Target

Fault-4
Fault-4 PTD
PTD
Z=
Z=-8444
-8444 -8407ft
-8407ftSS
SS
ftft
 BM-1: Off-Set Well Control
Seismic Cross Section including At-3 and ES-2

At-3 BM-1 ES-2

NE 3.8km 6.3km SW
Water
Water
Depth
Depth H11
H11
4,455ft
4,455ft 00

H17
H17
00

KR50
KR50
H10
H10
44 H18
H18
00

H19
H19
KR60
KR60
00

KR70
KR70

KR70 RMS Basemap

NE

KR80
KR80

SW
Five Shallow horizons (H104, H110, H170,
Shallow Seismic
H180, H190
BM-1: Pp/FG Prediction & Well
Prognosis
Water Bisma-1
bottom
4455ft
H1
SE
NW
H2
H10
4
H3 H11
0

Fault-1 H4
Z= -6000
ft
H17
0
H18
Fault-2
Z= -6470 0
ft H19
0
KR5
KR70
Top 0
Target KR6
Fault-3
Z= -6800 0
ft

KR70 Target
KR70 Target

Base
Target PTD
-8407ft SS
KC785 Appraisal 1 Pore Pressure Model (with salt)

PP Model
Appraisal Well
NW SE

WB 6,590SS

Pleist 1 7,510SS

Pleist2 9,760SS
Pliocene 13,140SS

17
Miocene 14,810SS

Oligocene 14,870SS

Top Salt 18,900SS

Top WCX 15,350SS

Top Cret. 17,490SS Base Salt 20,625SS

15.6 Mkr 22,095SS

Oligocene 24,705SS

Top Wcx 26,265SS

Top Cret. 29,235SS

Depths listed are at the wellbore

Pp/FG Prediction
Casing Setting Depth
Well Schematic
Deepwater Drilling
Riserless Drilling _ 36 Drive Pipe
Deepwater Drilling
26 Jetting Assembly
Deepwater Drilling
CADA (CAM Actuated Drill Ahead) Tool
Deepwater Drilling
Running LPWH
&
Jeeting Assy
Deepwater Drilling
Running 36 Drivepipe w/ Jetting Assembly
36 Jetting Schedule
reference
Video _ Jetting
Deepwater Drilling
Stab in 22/20 casing into :LPWH
High Pressure Wellhead
Housing w/ Mechanical Rigid
Lock
MRLD
Down Tool
Deep dish support bucket
HPWHH
Video_Running Surf. Casing &
HPWH
Deepwater Drilling
Subsea BOP
Deepwater Drilling
Subsea BOP

BSR

CSR

UPR
MPR

LPR

Test Ram
Deepwater Drilling
Subsea BOP

Inner & Outer

Upper FSV
Choke Line

Inner & Outer

Upper FSV
Inner & Outer
Kill Line
Bottom
Choke Line
Inner & Outer
Bottom FSV
Kill Line
Deepwater Drilling
PU Riser
Deepwater Drilling
Running Riser
Deepwater Drilling
Riser

Choke Line

Rigid Conduit

Kill Line Boost Line

Deepwater Drilling
Running Riser
Deepwater Drilling
Riser

O ring seal
Video_Running SSBOP on
Riser