Resonance & Filters

Unit 5
Contents
Series Resonance

Parallel Resonance
Series Resonance
Resonance is a condition in an RLC
circuit in which the capacitive and
inductive reactance are equal in
magnitude, thereby resulting in purely
resistive impedance.
 Series Resonance

The features of series resonance:

The impedance is purely resistive, Z = R;
The supply voltage Vs and the current I are in phase, so cos
= 1.
The inductor voltage and capacitor voltage can be much more
than the source voltage.
Series Resonance
The average power absorbed by the RLC circuit is

The highest power dissipated occurs at resonance:

Half-power frequencies 1 and 2 are frequencies at which

the dissipated power is half the maximum value:
Series Resonance
Cut-off frequencies

Bandwidth B
Series Resonance
Quality factor,

The relationship between the B, Q

and o:
 Parallel Resonance

Resonance frequency:

Half power frequencies

Parallel Resonance
Problem: 1
A series-connected circuit has R = 4 and L = 25 mH.
a) Calculate the value of C that will produce a quality factor of 50.
b) Find 1, 2 and B.

c) Determine the average power dissipated at = o , 1 and 2 . Take Vm =100 V

Problem: 2
A parallel RLC circuit, which is driven by a variable frequency 2A
current source, has the following values:
R = 1 k, L = 400 mH and C = 10 F. Determine the,
a) bandwidth of the network;
b) Half power frequencies; and
c) Voltage across the network at half power frequencies.
Problem: 3
Let in the circuit. Find the following:
a) resonant frequency,
b) Quality factor, Q
c) Bandwidth, B
d) What value of capacitance must be connected in series to a capacitor,
so that its bandwidth is doubled.
Problem: 4

A parallel RLC resonant circuit has a resistance of 200 . If it is

known that the bandwidth is 80 rad/s and the lower half-power
frequency is 800 rad/sec, Determine the values of the parameters L
and C.
Filters
 Passive Filters
A filter is a circuit that is designed to pass
signals with desired frequencies and reject
or attenuate others.

Passive filter consists of only passive

element R, L and C.

There are four types of filters.

a) Low pass filter
b) High Pass Filter
c) Band-pass Filter
d) Band-stop Filter

16
 Types of filters
Low-pass filter:
A low-pass filter passes low frequencies and stops high
frequencies, as shown ideally in Figure.

High-pass filter:
A highpass filter passes high frequencies and rejects low
frequencies,
as shown ideally in Fig.
 Types of filters
Band-pass Filter:
A bandpass filter passes frequencies within a frequency
band and blocks or attenuates frequencies outside the
band, as shown ideally in Figure.

Band-stop Filter:
A bandstop filter passes frequencies outside a frequency
band and blocks or attenuates frequencies within the band,
as shown ideally in Figure.
Low pass Filter
Passive Filters
Limitations of passive Filters
There are three major limitations to the passive
filters
First, they cannot generate gain greater than 1;
passive elements cannot add energy to the
network.
Second, they may require bulky and expensive
inductors.
Third, they perform poorly at frequencies below
the audio frequency range
Nevertheless, passive filters are useful at high
frequencies.
Problems
Determine what type of filter is shown in Figure. Calculate the corner
frequency, fc.
 References:
1. Charles K Alexander, M.N.O.S. (2013), in fundamentals of
Electric Circuits, 5th edition, United states of America: Mc Graw
Hill.
2. Hayt, W.H., Kemmerly, J.E. and Durbin, S.M. (2012), in
engineering Circuit Analysis, 8th edition, New York: Mc GrawHill.