The Concept of Communication

What is Communication?
Communication is a series of
experiences of
Hearing
Smell

Seeing
Touch
Taste
Definition of
Communication (1 of 2)

The exchange of thoughts,

messages, or the like, as by
speech, signals or writing.

To express oneself in such a way

that one is readily and clearly
understood.
Definition of
Communication (2 of 2)

Communication is shared
feelings/shared
understanding/meaning.

If you can honestly achieve that

goal, you are communicating.
A
Challenge
Please come up with a One
Sentence Definition of

EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
Effective Communication is a process where a
message is received and understood by the
receiver in the manner that the sender
intended it to be.
 The Communication Process

Medium

Barrier
SENDER RECEIVER
(encodes) (decodes)
Barrier

Feedback/Response
 Communication
Goals To change behavior

To get action

To ensure understanding

To persuade

To get and give

information
Critical Success Factor for Life
The majority of our
perceived ability comes
from how we communicate
30% What you know

70% How you

communicate it
Means of
Communication
Hieroglyphics & Primitive cave paintings
Oral stories and traditions
Written media of Communication
Carrier Pigeons
Morse code
Television and Radio
Internet - two-way exchange of information
Three ways to think about
communication
Communication as ACTION: the transmission of
information from one person to another through the use of
symbols and their accompanying meaning.

Communication as INTERACTION: the exchange of

information between two (or more) individuals through the
symbols and their accompanying meaning.

Communication as MEANING CONSTRUCTION: the

process by which two or more individuals arrive at
ostensibly shared (or common) meanings or
understandings for symbolic actions.
Methods of
Communication
One-
Way
Memo, fax, e-mail, voice mail, letter,
speaking in mass media (electronic/print).

Two-Way
Phone call, in-person/face
to face.
Collaborativ
e Team meetings, presenting,
consulting, bargaining,
negotiating, consensus, decision
making, group problem solving,
 Types of
Communication
On the basis of organization
relationship
Formal
Informal
On the basis of Flow
Upward
Downward
Parallel
On the basis of Expression
Oral
Written
Non-Verbal
Deepti Singh
Have you ever listened to a very polished,
confident speaker and not understood a
word of what they were saying?
A common mistake people make is to
focus on the delivery of information,
rather than how it is received.
Communication has to be two-way.
HIERARCHY LEVEL
Executive Director
Manager

Vice President

A.G.M.
Supervisor 1 Supervisor 2 Supervisor 3

Manager

Supervisor
Horizontal Comm.
Forman
What makes a good
communicator?

Clarity Adequacy

Integrity Timing
How do you develop your
communication skills?
Communication Styles
i. Passive
ii. Aggressive
iii. Passive-Aggressive
iv. Assertive
PASSIVE COMMUNICATION is a style in
which individuals avoid expressing their
opinions or feelings, protecting their rights,
and identifying and meeting their needs.
Low self-esteem
These individuals believe: Im not worth
taking care of.
AGGRESSIVE COMMUNICATION (AC) is a
style in which individuals express their feelings
and opinions and advocate for their needs in a
way that violates the rights of others.
Aggressive communicators are verbally and/or
physically abusive.
AC is born of low self-esteem (often caused by
past physical and/or emotional abuse),
unhealed emotional wounds, and feelings of
powerlessness.
PASSIVE-AGGRESSIVE COMMUNICATION is a
style in which individuals appear passive on the
surface but are really acting out anger in a
subtle, indirect, or behind-the-scenes way.
Prisoners of War (POWs) often act in passive-
aggressive ways to deal with lack of power.
POWs may try to secretly sabotage the prison,
make fun of the enemy, or quietly disrupt the
system while smiling and appearing cooperative.
ASSERTIVE COMMUNICATION is a style in
which individuals clearly state their opinions
and feelings, and firmly advocate for their rights
and needs without violating the rights of others.
High self-esteem.
These individuals value themselves, their time,
and their emotional, spiritual, and physical
needs and are strong advocates for themselves
while being very respectful of the rights of
others.
CHARACTERISTICS OF VARIOUS
COMMUNICATION STYLES
PASSIVE- fail to assert for
themselves
allow others to deliberately or inadvertently
infringe on their rights
fail to express their feelings, needs, or
opinions
tend to speak softly or apologetically
exhibit poor eye contact and slumped body
posture
AGGRESSIVE- try to dominate
others
use humiliation to control others
criticize, blame, or attack others
be very impulsive
have low frustration tolerance
speak in a loud, demanding, and overbearing voice
act threateningly and rudely
do not listen well/interrupt frequently
Use you statements
have piercing eye contact and an overbearing
posture
PASSIVE-AGGRESSIVE mutter to
themselves rather than confront
the person
have difficultyor issue
acknowledging their anger
use facial expressions that don't match how
they feel - i.e., smiling when angry
use sarcasm
deny there is a problem
appear cooperative while purposely doing
things to annoy and disrupt use subtle
sabotage to get even
Assertive: express feelings clearly,
use I statements
appropriately,
communicate respectand respectfully
for others
listen well without interrupting
feel in control of self
have good eye contact
speak in a calm and clear tone of voice
have a relaxed body posture
feel connected to others
feel competent and in control
not allow others to abuse or manipulate them
stand up for their rights
Thanks

Questions
?