* Traffic Collision

Avoidance
System

Prepared and presented by:

SHAIRIL D. ADOL
Objective:

o Understand traffic collision avoidance system

What is traffic collision avoidance
system?

- It is part of navigation system

- It is also known as traffic alert and

collision avoidance system.

- It is designed to reduce the incidence

of mid-air collision
Involves communication between all aircraft equipped
with an appropriate transponder within its surviellance
volume.
15NM
15NM TCAS
TCAS IIII 40NM
40NM

++ 10,000 ft TCAS
TCAS II

-- 10,000
10,000 ft
ft TCAS
TCAS IIII
 TCAS
RNG 1
Surveillance Volume
40NM
40NM

25NM
25NM 25NM
25NM

15NM
15NM
 TCAS
The TCAS system uses two types of display to present
information to the aircrew.

Traffic Advisory display (TA)

This is given when an aircraft is within certain parameters of
your aircraft but is not deemed a threat yet.
There are various levels of Traffic Advisory which increase as
the intruder gets closer.
Resolution Advisory display (RA)
This is given when an aircraft is deemed a threat to your aircraft.
The time to closest point of approach with the intruder is now
between 15 and 35 seconds.
 TCAS
Non Threat Traffic: Range beyond 6 NM and
altitude is greater than +/- 1200 feet from your aircraft.
It is not yet considered a threat.

Traffic is +1300ft
climbing.
+13
Proximity Traffic: Range within 6 NM and altitude
is
within +/- 1200 feet of your aircraft. Still not yet
considered a threat.

Traffic is 500ft
descending.
 TCAS
Traffic Advisory: The intruder is considered to be
potentially hazardous. TCAS will display a TA when
the closest point of approach is between 20 and 48
seconds.

Traffic is +200ft
and level.

Resolution Advisory: The intruder is now

considered to be a collision threat. The time to
closest point of approach with the intruder is now
between 15 and 35 seconds.

Traffic is +200ft
and level very close.
 TCAS

A large number of contacts

can be displayed at any one
1 2 RNG 10
time, but the TCAS System
will discard the lesser threats +13 UP
.5 4
to de-clutter the screen.
+02 -05

The presence of a TA or RA 0 +02 6

aircraft that are beyond the DN

selected display range is .5 4

indicated by one half of the 1 2
traffic symbol at the edge of
the screen. BRT

9
 TCAS
Resolution Advisory Symbols: Preventative Advisory

1 2 RNG 10

.5 4 UP Green Arc
Red Arc is a -05
+05 +13
+02 is a fly to area.
fly from area. +02
0 6
+02

DN
.5 4

1 2

BRT

Monitor Vertical Speed

10
Navigation Systems TCAS
Resolution Advisory Symbols: Corrective Advisory

1 2 RNG 10

.5 4 UP Green Arc
Red Arc is a -05
+05 +13
+02 is a fly to area.
fly from area.
0 6
+02

DN
.5 4

1 2

BRT

DESCEND - DESCEND
 Resolution Advisories and Synthesized Voice Announcements
RESOLUTION ADVISORY AUDIO MESSAGE
CLIMB CLIMB, CLIMB
DESCENT DESCEND, DESCEND
CROSSOVER CLIMB CLIMB, CROSSING CLIMB.
CLIMB, CROSSING CLIMB
CROSSOVER DESCENT DESCEND, CROSSING DESCEND. DESCEND,
CROSSING DESCEND
VERTICAL SPEED RESTRICTED (CLIMBING) ADJUST VERTICAL SPEED, ADJUST
VERTICAL SPEED RESTRICTED (DESCENDING) ADJUST VERTICAL SPEED, ADJUST

ANY WEAKENING OR SOFTENING OF A RA ADJUST VERTICAL SPEED, ADJUST

PREVENTATIVE ADVISORY MONITOR VERTICAL SPEED
MAINTAIN EXISTING VERTICAL SPEED MAINTAIN VERTICAL SPEED, MAINTAIN
MAINTAIN EXISTING VERTICAL SPEED WHILE MAINTAIN VERTICAL SPEED, CROSSING
CROSSING THREATS ALTITUDE MAINTAIN

12
 * References:
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_collision_avoidance_s
ystem#

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