Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
A. O. Yusuf
Energy Commission of Nigeria
Plot 701C, Central Area, PMB 358, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria
Email:abdussalamyusuf@yahoo.com
Presentation at the International Conference on Biofuel Markets in Africa held in Cape Town,
South Africa, 30th November 1st December 2006
Outlines
1. Introduction
2. What are biofuels
3. The Nigerian Ethanol Programme
4. Nigeria Ethanol Fuel Market Scenario
5. Road Map to Bioethanol Industry in Nigeria
6. Achievements
7. Challenges
8. Incentives
9. Monitoring Process
10. Conclusion
A. O. Yusuf (2006)
1.0 Introduction
A. O. Yusuf (2006)
Fig.1: Maps of Nigeria and Africa
1.0 Introduction
Sugar factory
Sugarcane belt
Sugar factory
Sahel Savanna
Cassava belt
Woody Savanna
Guinea Savanna
Oil
Palm Low land Forest
belt
Rain Forest
Swamp Forest
A. O. Yusuf (2006)
1.0 Introduction
Population of 150 million persons (approx)
Land area of 923,768 km2.
Arable land constitute about 56%
Vegetation: ranging from sahel savanna in the extreme north,
to swamp forest in the coastal south
Most parts of Nigeria are suitable for biofuel crops
cassava, sugarcane, jatropher
Nigeria is a major world producer of Cassava (as food
crop)
Sugarcane production declined due to poor performance
of local sugar companies.
A. O. Yusuf (2006)
1.0 Introduction
Motor fuels consumption in 2005
9.5billion litres of PMS
2.4bilion litres of AGO.
Total local Refinery Installed Capacity 445000 bbls/day
Capacity utilization = 43.5% in 2005
PMS import in 2005 was 5.48million tonne for approx
US$3.2 billion
A. O. Yusuf (2006)
1.0 Introduction
A. O. Yusuf (2006)
2. 1 What are Biofuel
Biofuels are fuels made from biological sources.
They include:
Ethanol from fermenting and distillation of starchy
cereals, grains and sugar crops
A. O. Yusuf (2006)
2. 1 What are Biofuels
Gasification Extraction
Extraction
Gasification Fermentation
Fermentation AnaerobicFermentation
Anaerobic Fermentation
Esterification
Esterification
Ethanol
Methanol Biogas
Biodiesel
A. O. Yusuf (2006)
2.2 Why biofuels?
The factors driving the growing interest in
biofuels include:
Energy Security
Spiraling oil price
Depletion of oil reserves & Increasing cost of crude oil exploration
Need for diversified energy supply mix
Reduce vulnerability to international politics
Economy
Promotion of Industrial development and employment
Creation of integrated rural economy
Reduction in oil importation
Make available more crude for export
Fuel quality (better octane number)
Environment
Clean burning properties (low CO2 and GHGs)
Kyoto protocols and related obligations
Sustainability (renewable)
A. O. Yusuf (2006)
2.3 Ethanol Fuel
A. O. Yusuf (2006)
3. The Nigerian Ethanol Programme
Objective
To produce fuel grade ethanol that will be blended
with petrol in proportion not exceeding 10% by
volume.
To contribute to the reduction of CO2 emission and
global warming (Kyoto commitment)
reduce domestic use of petrol,
Increase crude export
Improve automotive exhaust emission
A. O. Yusuf (2006)
3. The Nigerian Ethanol Programme
(cntd)
Key Elements of the Vision
Cassava Plant
Cassava Tubers
A. O. Yusuf (2006)
3. The Nigerian Ethanol Programme
(cntd)
Sugar cane
A. O. Yusuf (2006)
3. The Nigerian Ethanol Programme
(cntd)
Develop supporting Policy and Regulatory frameworks
Select land for the biofuel crops
Develop a business plan for piloting the biofuel plants
Engage the financial community
Jump start the industry with importation of biofuel from Brazil
A. O. Yusuf (2006)
3. The Nigerian Ethanol Programme
(cntd)
Among the expected benefits of the ethanol
programme are:
Expansion of rural economy
Reduction in ruralurban migration;
Energy supply security and better environment
Maximizing carbon credit opportunities
Direct and indirect employment in the new industry
Free up more crude for export
Boost state and local tax income
Provide a return on investment to farmers
Opportunity for direct foreign investment into the
local economy
A. O. Yusuf (2006)
3. The Nigerian Ethanol Programme
(cntd)
Key Stakeholders Envisaged Role/Responsibility
A. O. Yusuf (2006)
4. Nigeria Ethanol Market Scenario
Consumption:
9.5 billion lit/annum gasoline in 2005
PMS demand will rise to 28 billion in 2025
Replacement by Bioethanol
0.95 billion lit /annum for gasoline @ 10 % blend
at current yield of 15 ton/ha, 20,000ha each of
cassava and sugarcane are required annually to
meet only 10% of this demand
There is opportunity for additional investment in
production ethanol crop, distillery and related
industry
A. O. Yusuf (2006)
4. Nigeria Ethanol Market Scenario
Targets
10-20,000 hectares of sugarcane plantations
A. O. Yusuf (2006)
5. Roadmap for the bioethanol Industry in
Nigeria
Partnership
Signed MOUs with
Petrobras and COIMEX - technology and supply
International Institute for Tropical Agriculture - crop improvement
National Cereal Research Institute crop improvement
Exploring partnerships with technical institutes and state for
production of feedstock
Received grant from REEEP
A. O. Yusuf (2006)
6. Achievements
Policy
National Energy Policy in place with strong support
for biofuel,
Draft Renewable Energy Masterplan already in place
with target shares for biofuel
Specific biofuel policy and incentives under-way
Seeding initiative
Modifying infrastructure to receive ethanol import
Preparing for ethanol import contracts
Communicating with private and public sector
stakeholders
A. O. Yusuf (2006)
7. Challenges
Challenges include:
Improvement of farming practices to enhance quality
and yield
Enabling infrastructure to boost production (power,
roads, water)
Fiscal and regulatory incentives
Research and development (R&D) issues
Quality control issue such as water tolerance level
Distribution and retail facilities
A. O. Yusuf (2006)
7. Challenges (cntd)
Improvement of farming practices to enhance quality
and yield
Enabling infrastructure to boost production (power,
roads, water)
Fiscal and regulatory issues
Research and development (R&D) issues
Product quality and water tolerance
Distribution and retail facilities
A. O. Yusuf (2006)
8. Incentives being considered
The incentives being proposed to Government
include:
Tax incentives for agricultural and related industries
Land tenure system be eased by appropriate
legislation
Fiscal incentives for pioneer biofuel industries
Crop improvement to move yield of cassava from 15
tonne/hectre to 25-30 tonne/hectar
Involving the local communities through out-growers
scheme, in the production of the raw feed stock
Rather than displace the production of cassava for
food, it is envisaged that the project will create
new income for farmers
A. O. Yusuf (2006)
9. Monitoring Success
Success Indicators:
The factor that ensure successful
A. O. Yusuf (2006)
10. Conclusion
Ethanol industry has great potentials to contribute
to:
agriculture and agro-industrial sectors Potential for
export
Reduction in import of oil products(energy security &
foreign exchange saving)
Opportunities for international cooperation through
Agriculture & Technology & investments
A. O. Yusuf (2006)