Origins of the Cold War

U.S.-Soviet Relations to
1945
Allies in World War II
Postwar Cooperation the
U.N
Satellite States in Eastern
Europe
Occupation Zones in
Germany
Iron Curtain
THE COLD WAR
coldwar

vs
Uneasy peace between the U.S. and the Soviet Union.
Competition for world dominance and global power.
Fought on political and economic fronts rather than on
military battlefields---------Even though the threat of war was
always present.
Defined Americas foreign policy from 1946 to 1989.
It affected domestic politics and how Americans viewed the
world and themselves.
Constant state of military preparedness and arms race
Propaganda war----Democracy vs Communism
US policy: Support nations threatened by Communism
NATO
NATO ALLIANCE AND WARSAW PACT

Communistic
Warsaw Pact

Communistic
Warsaw Pact
 The Bi-Polarization of
map/cold war

Europe: The Beginning of the

Cold War

1950s

Democracy vs. Communism

Bi-Polarization of the World

US, Allied Nations and Soviet Union/China and

Allies..
 The Cold War: Roots of the Conflict

Soviet
Expansion:

The Soviet
Union
occupied
most of
Eastern
Europe by
the end of
World War II.
Satellite State
When a nation is under the control of
another.

Ex. Part of Germany was under the

control of the Soviet Union.

Other examples: Poland,

Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania and
Bulgaria
The Iron Curtain

From Stettin in the Balkans, to Trieste in the Adriatic,

an iron curtain has descended across the Continent.
Behind that line lies the ancient capitals of Central
and Eastern Europe.
-- Sir Winston Churchill, 1946
Truman Doctrine [1947]
1. Civil War in Greece.
2. Turkey under pressure from the USSR
for concessions in the Dardanelles.
3. The U. S. should support free peoples
throughout the world who were
resisting takeovers by armed
minorities or outside pressuresWe
must assist free peoples to work out
their own destinies in their own way.
4. The U.S. gave Greece & Turkey $400
million in aid.
Marshall Plan [1948]
1. European Recovery
Program.
2. Secretary of State,
George Marshall
3. The U. S. should provide
aid to all European nations
that need it. This move
is not against any country or doctrine, but
against hunger, poverty, desperation, and
chaos.
4. $12.5 billion of US aid to Western Europe
extended to Eastern Europe & USSR, [but
this was rejected].
* The U.S. gave over $12 billion in aid to European countries
between 1948 and 1952, helping to improve their economies
and lessen the chance of communist revolutions.
 CONTAINMENT POLICY map/cold war

1950s
Containment:
Stop the
expansion of
Communism in
Asia and Europe

US, Allied Nations and Soviet Union/China and

Allies..
 Soviet Union
1918
Berlin Blockade
1947-8

Eastern Europe
1946 China
1949

Korean War
1950 to 1953

CONTAINMENT
Marshall Plan
Berlin Airlift
NATO
Korean War
Focus on Berlin

After World War II,

Germany was divided
into four zones,
occupied by French,
British, American, and
Soviet troops.

Occupation zones after

1945. Berlin is the
multinational area
within the Soviet zone.
 Soviet blockade:

East Berlin

West East West Berlin

Germany Germany
In June of 1948, the
French, British and
American zones were
joined into the nation of
West Germany after the
Soviets refused to end
their occupation of
Germany.
 In response, the
Soviets cut off West
Berlin from the rest of
the world with a
blockade.

Eventual site of the Berlin Wall

Berlin Airlift
President Truman
decided to avoid the
blockade by flying in food
and other supplies to the
needy people of West
Berlin.
At times, over 5,000 tons
of supplies arrived daily.
Berlin Blockade & Airlift (1948-
49)
 North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (1949)

Military alliance to counter Soviet expansion.

United States Luxemburg
Belgium Netherlands
Britain Norway
Canada Portugal
Denmark 1952: Greece &
France Turkey
Iceland 1955: West Germany
Italy 1983: Spain
NATO ALLIANCE AND WARSAW PACT

NATO
Warsaw Pact (1955)

Soviet Union and satellite states rival alliance to NATO

} U. S. S. R. } East Germany
} Albania } Hungary
} Bulgaria } Poland
} Czechoslovakia } Rumania
 1949, THE YEAR OF SHOCK

Mao Tse Tung

Mao
Mao Tse
Tse Tung,
Tung, defeats
defeats Chang
Chang Kai
Kai Shek
Shek
in
in the Chinese Civil
Civil War..
War..
China
China became
became a communistic country.
Chang
Chang Kai
Kai Shak
Shak is
is exiled
exiled to
to Taiwan.
Taiwan.
Mao
Mao Tse
Tse Tung
Tung becomes the
Communistic
Communistic leader
leader of
of China.
US
US believed
believed there
there was
was a
a communistic
communistic
plot
plot to rule the world
Chang Kai Shek
NATO
KOREAN WAR
1950 to to 1953,
1953, North
North
Korea
Korea invades
invades South
South
Korea.
Korea.
North
North Korea waswas aa
communist
communist nation and and
South
South Korea
Korea was
was aa
democracy.
First
First war
war of
of
containment
containment policy to
stop communism
Police
Police Action
Action not
not a
declared
declared war
war
President
President Truman Truman leads
leads
United
United Nations.
Nations.
General
General Douglas
Douglas
MacArthur
MacArthur commands commands US US
and
and UN troops.
Called
Called forgotten
forgotten war.
war.
Inchon (Operation Chromite)
Turning Point
MacArthur completely changed
the course of the war overnight
by ordering -- over nearly
unanimous objections -- an
amphibious invasion at the port
of Inchon, near Seoul
The Americans quickly gained
control of Inchon, recaptured
Seoul within days, and cut the
North Korean supply lines
American and ROK forces
broke out of the Pusan
Perimeter and chased the
retreating enemy north
KOREAN WAR

Truman
Truman vs.
vs. MacArthur
MacArthur
Truman
Truman fires
fires General
General
MacArthur
MacArthur when
when he
advises
advises Truman he would
use
use nuclear
nuclear weapons
weapons
against
against the
the Chinese.
Chinese.
KOREAN WAR

Stalemate
Stalemate byby 1953.
1953.
Pres.
Pres. Eisenhower
Eisenhower negotiated
negotiated an
an
end to war
end to war
Divided
Divided at
at 38 th parallel
38th parallel
Communism
Communism contained
contained
Remains
Remains divided
divided today
today