M COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHN

AGRA

Topic-water Demand & Supply

SESSION 2015-16
Submitted to- SUBMITTED BY-
All CE Department
Jitendra Kumar

B.Tech 3rd year (CE)

ROLL NO. 1344800017
WATER DEMAND
The water used in various purpose such
as domestic use,agricultural
use,industrial use etc. is known as
water demand.
TYPES OF WATER DEMAND

1.Domestic Water Demand

2.Commercial Water Demand
3.Industrial Water Demand
4.Fire-fighting Water Demand
5.Demand for public use
6.Losses and wastes
 1.DOMESTIC WATER DEMAND

The quality of water required in the houses for

drinking,bathing, cooking , washing etc.is known
as domestic water demand.
1.Drinking 5 Ltrs
2.Cooking 5 Ltrs
3.Bathing 55 Ltrs
4.clothes &washing 20Ltrs
5.Utensile washing 10 Ltrs
6.House washing 10 Ltrs
TOTAL- 135 Litres/day/capita
2.COMMERCIAL WATER DEMAND

The water used in commercial buildings

and commercial centres including office
buildings,warehouse,stores,hotels,shopi
ng centres etc.is known as Commercial
Water Demand.
WATER SUPPLY REQUIREMENTS FOR PUBLIC BUILDING
S.No Types of building Demand/ca
. pita/day
(Ltrs)
1. (a) Factories where bathrooms are required to be provide. 45
(b) Factories where no bathrooms are required to be 30
provide.
2. Hospital per bed
(a) No. of beds not exceeding 100 340
(b) No. of beds exceeding 100 450
3. Nursing homes and medical quarters. 135
4. Hostels. 135
5. Office. 45
6. Restaurants (per seat) 70
7. Hotel (per bed) 180
8. Cinema concert halls and thetres (per seat) 15
9. School
(a) Day school 45
(b) Boarding schools 135
10. Garden,sport ground (per sq.m) 35
3.INDUSTRIAL WATER DEMAND

The water required in the industries

mainly depends on the type of
industries which are existing in the city.
The water required by factories, paper
mills, cloth mills,cotton mills, suger
refineries etc. comes under industrial
use. The quantity of water demand for
industrial purpose is around 20 to 25%
of the total demand of the city.
4.FIRE-FIGHTING WATER DEMAND

As during the fire break down large

quantity of water is required for
throwing it over the fire to control it.
The quantity of water required for fire
fighting is known as fire water demand.
5. DEMAND FOR PUBLIC USE
Water required for public utility
purpuses such as for washing,cleaning
of sewers, watering of public parks,
gardens etc. it is 5% of total
cunsumption is made during designing
the water works for a city .
REQUIREMENTS OF WATER FOR PUBLIC USE

S.N Purpuse Water requirements

o.

1 Public parks 1.4 Ltrs /sq.m /day

2 Street washing 1.0 1.5 Ltrs /sq.m /day

3 Sewer cleaning 4.5 Ltrs /head /day

 6. LOSSES AND
WASTES
Allthe water which goes in the
distribution pipes dose not reach the
consumers .
The follwing are the reasons-
1. Losses due to defective pipe joints,cracked and
broken pipe.
2. losses due to consumers keep open their taps of
public taps.
3. losses due to unauthorised and illegal
connections.
WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS (WDS)
The objective of WDS is to deliver water to individual
consumers with appropriate quality, quantity and pressure.

The distribution system describes collectively the facilities

used to supply water from its source to the point of usage.

This may include extensive system of pipes, storage

reservoirs, pumps and related appurtenances.

The proper functioning of a water distribution system is

critical to providing sufficient drinking water to consumers
as well as providing sufficient water for fire protection

12
METHODS OF DISTRIBUTING WATER
Depending on the topography
between the source and the
consumer the following methods
may be used to transport water from
source to consumers with adequate
pressure-
1.Gravity system
2.Pumping system
3.Pump storage system

13
1.GRAVITY SYSTEM
Gravity system when the source is at a sufficient
elevation above the consumer to produce the
desired pressure. Highly economical
2.PUMPING SYSTEM
Pumping Pumps are used to develop
the necessary head (pressure) to
distribute to consumers and storage
reservoirs
3. PUMP STORAGE SYSTEM
Pump-Storage System- storage reservoirs are
used to maintain adequate pressure during
periods of high demand and emergency (fires &
power failures). During low consumption, water
is pumped and stored in the storage reservoir
LAY OUT OF DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
1. Dead end or tree system,
2. Grid iron system ,
3. Circular or ring system, and
4. Radial system.
1. DEAD END OR TREE SYSTEM,
This system is suitable for irregular
developed towns or cities . In this
system water flows in one direction
only into submains and branches.The
diameter of pipe decreases at every
tree branch.
2.GRID IRON SYSTEM ,
From the mains water enters the
branches at all junctions in either
directions into submains of equals
diameters. At any point in the line the
pressure is blanced from two directions
because of interconnected netwwork of
pipes.
3.CIRCULAR OR RING SYSTEM
Supply to the inner pipes is from the
mains around the boundary. It has the
same advantages as the grid iron
system.diameter pipes are needed. The
advantages and disadvantages are
same as that of grid iron system.
4.RADIAL SYSTEM
This is a zoned system. Water is
pumped to the distribution reservoirs
and from the reservoirs it flows by
gravity to the tree system of pipes. The
pressure calculations are easy in this
system. layout of roads needs to be
radial to eliminate loss of head in
bends. This is the most economical
system also if combined pumping and
gravity flow is adopted.