Trypnosomiasis in cattle

To: Dr.AFTAB HUSSAIN

By: TAYYABA ISRAR KHAN
Reg no: 2010-va-30
 Trypanosomiasis
Trypanosomiasis is a protozoan disease of
livestock commonly called as Surra caused by
a protozoan organism Trypanosoma evansi.
The disease is transmitted by Tabanid flies. It
affects most of the livestock and wild animals
also.
It is distributed throughout India and found as
endemic. The disease is seen as an outbreak in
pre monsoon and in monsoon seasons due to
active breeding of the Tabanid flies.
 The disease is characterized by
anemia, nervous complications,
emaciation and death. It causes
severe loss to the farmers by way of
poor milk and meat production,
reduced ability to work and high
mortality.
The disease also interferes with
immunity and causes
immunosuppression of bacterial and
 Transmission and pathogenesis
of the disease
Trypanosiasis is transmitted
by a vector Tabanid fly
(Horse fly).
The fly passively transfer the
parasites from the infected
animal by sucking along with
the blood and regurgitating
into another animal.
the parasites can briefly live
in the gut of the fly. Other
vectors capable of infecting
are Stomaxys, Lyperosia,
Hematopota (Flies),
Ornithodorus (Ticks).
 Trypanosomes after reaching the
blood stream of the host quickly
deplete the blood sugar levels by
consuming large quantities of sugar
and develop hypoglycemia.
They also produce disturbances in
protein metabolism in the hosts
body. They also cause destruction of
the red blood cells and produce
anemia.
 Clinical symptom
The disease in cattle and buffaloes runs in per
acute, acute and chronic forms depending on
the strain of the parasite.
In acute form there will be intermittent fever
ranging from 39 to 41 degrees Celsius,
conjunctivitis, and lachrymation
Sudden drop of milk yield
Labored breathing
Nervous symptoms like walking in circles,
beating the head on mangers, or walls,
twitching of the muscles and the animal may
go coma leading to death of the animal.
 Diagnosis
A wet drop of blood can
be obtained from the ear
or tail vein and examined
in high power. The
moving parasites can be
seen in the wet blood
Serological tests can also
be made to identify the
antibody formation using
PCR, ELISA, agglutination
tests for laboratory
diagnosis of the disease.
 Treatment:
Quinapyramine sulfate,
Quinapyramine chloride
(Antrycide and Antrycide
prosalt),
Demenazene aceturate
(Berenil),
Suramin (Naganol).
Antrycide prosalt can also
be used as a prophylactic
drug to protect the
animals in endemic areas
during pre monsoon
periods.
 Prevention of the
disease
Quick diagnosis and prompt treatment of affected
animal controls the disease to some extent.
In endemic areas prophylactic treatment with
Antrycide prosalt administration controls the
disease.
Effective methods for fly control should be
followed to control breeding of the flies. Spraying
of the dung pits, clearing of the bushes around
the cattle sheds by burning, spraying insecticides
on the animals etc should be followed.