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Variable Primary Flow Systems

An alternative system solution

The Trane Company

American Standard Inc. 1996


Variable Primary Flow (VPF)
systems -- Overview

Common primary-secondary system


configuration
VPF system layout
Why consider Variable Primary Flow (VPF)
systems now?
VPF basics
VPF system benefits

American Standard Inc. 1996


Variable Primary Flow (VPF)
systems -- Overview - continued

Possible VPF system drawbacks


More system information
When to consider a VPF system
When NOT to consider a VPF system
Design and operation advice
Summary

American Standard Inc. 1996


Primary-secondary system

American Standard Inc. 1996


Variable Primary Flow (VPF)
System

American Standard Inc. 1996


Why consider variable primary flow
systems now?

Sophisticated chiller
controls
System controls
available
Focus on energy and
energy costs
It is innovative

American Standard Inc. 1996


VPF System
Basics

Limits (consult manufacturer)


Absolute flows - Minimum and
maximum
Flow rate changes
10% of design flow per minute - close
temperature control
30% of design flow per minute - most
comfort cooling applications
Always need a bypass

American Standard Inc. 1996


VPF System
Benefits
Installed costs
Fewer pumps
Reduced plumbing connections
Reduced electrical connections
Be aware of possible VFD additional
costs
Operating
Reduced pump operating costs
Chiller claims? Be wary.
American Standard Inc. 1996
VPF system
Possible drawbacks

Chiller control
capabilities
System complexity
Lack of training
Flow measurement -
possible costs and
accuracy

American Standard Inc. 1996


VPF System
More information

Http:/trane.com/commercial
/library/newsletters.asp
Dont Ignore Variable Flow, Waltz,
Contracting Business, July 1997
Applying Variable Volume Pumping,
Luther, HPAC, October 1998

American Standard Inc. 1996


VPF system
When to consider?

Flows vary
Chillers with sophisticated
and adaptive controls
Operator understands
plant operation
Engineer has time to
design sequence
Retrofits - even small jobs

American Standard Inc. 1996


VPF system
When NOT to consider?

Critical temperature
control
Constant loads
Existing system or
equipment constraints
Operator or owner not
committed to using the
system
No automated system
control
American Standard Inc. 1996
VPF System
Design

Determine return on
investment
Reduction in first costs
Additions to first costs
Remember the bypass
Consider all operating
sequences
Select good partners

American Standard Inc. 1996


VPF System
Installation and operation

Integrate system control


Determine flow
accurately
Stay within limits
Absolute flow rates
Flow rate changes
Train - and retrain -
operators

American Standard Inc. 1996


VFP system
Summary
Return on Investment
Bypass
Controls
Chiller
System
System understanding
Designer
Operator
American Standard Inc. 1996

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