Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
AND STATISTICS
Prepared by:
Ms. KAREN S. TAFALLA
SAMPLE SPACES AND EVENTS
A. SETS, SUBSETS AND SAMPLE SPACE
Note: From the set theory it is known that if there are n elements in
set then there are 2nsubsets of that set.
S S S
A C
A A B
B
A
AU B U C =A+ B + C
S S
A C
A B
B
(A U B) = A + B - A B A U B U C = A+B+C AB-AC-BC+ABC
Examples:
1. LET: S = ={0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}
A={1,2,3,4}
B={2,4,6,8}
C={0,1,2}
Find: AB, AB, ABC, and ABC.
2. A single card is drawn from a well
shuffled, standard deck of playing cards,
in which S = { the 52 playing cards in a
standard deck}. For this experiment,
consider the following: A = { ace }, B =
{ diamond }, C = { 2,3,4,5 or 6}, D = { black
card }, what are
a. B b. A B c. A and B d. A B
e. B D f. B or C g. A C h. C or D
4. In a certain high school every student takes at least one
course in science (biology, chemistry, physics) as a
requirement for graduation. Of graduating class of 80, the
number of those who took all three science was 8. Other
enrolment figures are indicated below.
Biology and Chemistry 20
Chemistry and Physics 25
Chemistry 40
Biology only 16
Physics only 15
How many took: a. Biology
b. Physics
2. Suppose that in a senior college class of 500 students it is found that 210 smoke,
258 drink alcoholic beverages, 216 eat between meals, 122 smoke and drink
alcoholic beverages, 83 eat between meals and drink alcoholic beverages, 97
smoke and eat between meals, and 52 engage in all three of these bad health
practices. How many seniors
a. smoke but do not drink alcoholic beverages?
b. eat between meals and drink alcoholic beverages but do not smoke?
c. Neither smoke nor eat between meals?
2.An experiment consists of tossing a die and then flipping
a coin one if the number on the die is even. If the
number on the die is odd, the coin is flipped twice.
a. List the elements of the sample space S.
b. List the elements corresponding to the event A that a
number at most 3 occurs o the die.
c. List the elements corresponding to the event B that 2
tails occur
d. List the elements corresponding to the event AU B
4. An experiment involves tossing a pair of dice, 1 green and 1 red,
and recording the numbers that come up. If x equals the
outcome on the green die and y the outcome on the red die,
describe the sample space S
a. By listing the elements (x,y)
b. List the elements corresponding the event A that the sum is
greater than 8
c. List the elements corresponding to the event C that a number
greater than 4 comes up on the green die.
d. List the elements corresponding to the event B that a 2 occurs
on either die
e.List the elements corresponding to the event A C
f..List the elements corresponding to the event A B
g. List the elements corresponding to the event B C
h.Construct a Venn diagram to illustrate the intersections and
unions of the events A, B, and C.
5. The class registration of 120 students are analyzed. It is found
that:
30 of the students do not take any of Mechanics, Chemistry,
or Computers.
15 of them take only Applied Mechanics
25 of them take Chemistry and Computers but not
Mechanics.
20 of them take Mechanics and Computers but not chemistry.
10 of them take all three Mechanics, Chemistry, and
Computers.
5 of them take chemistry only
A total of 45 take chemistry
a) How many of the students take Mechanics and Chemistry but not
Computers/
b) How many of the students take only Computers?
c) What is the total number of students taking Computers?