Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Roll No:- 24
Method:- History
Std:- VIII
3300 BC 2600-
1922 AD 1973 AD
Building of a 1800 BC
Mohenjo-Daro First attempts Mohenjo-Daro
planned city is to conserve
begun at falls into decline becomes a
and is later Mohenjo-Daro World Heritage
Mohenjo-Daro. are made. Site.
abandoned.
When was the Harappan
Civilization at its peak in the
Indus Valley?
The Indus Valley civilization lived in
the Valley about 4000 years ago,
2600-1900B.C. It was discovered by
numerous scientists and
archaeologists in 1921. Alexander
Cunningham, the director general of
the Archaeological Survey in
India(ASI), visited the Harappan
ruins to look at the Buddhist
remains along with the next director
of the ASI, John Marshall. They set
up an excavation to investigate the
mysterious ancient ruins. The dig
began in 1920 led by archaeologist
Rai Bahadur Daya Ram Sahni.
.Many different artefacts have
been uncovered in the Indus Valleys
main cities, Mohenjo-Daro and
Harappa.
The Civilization in the Indus
Valley
The people in the Indus valley formed the
earliest urban civilization in the sub
Indian continent and one of the earliest in
the world.Another name for the Indus
valley civilization is the Harappan
civilization. The first excavations that
were made in the cities of Harappa and
Mohenjo-daro which were conducted in
1921-1922. Excavations also discovered
that men and women dressed in colourful
robes , the women also wore lipstick! For
dinner it might have been hot bread
served with barley or rice. They all were
all very good farmers they grew things
such as peas, melons , wheat and dates.the
fish in the Indus river were caught by fish
hooks and were eaten with most probably
bread. They ate animals aswell such as
sheep, pigs, zebus (a kind of cow) and
water buffalo . The Indus valley
civilization was a wonderful place.
Why did the Harappan
civilization decide to live in the
Indus Valley?
The Indus Valley civilization may
of lived there because of the
Indus River which flows through
the valley. It over-flowed every
year leaving soil perfect for
growing crops in. It could of also
been used for transport and
food such as fish. The Indus
Valley was also well protected
by the Himalayan Mountain
Range.
Streets and Buildings
The City Structure
The Indus tribe lived in houses just
like today. They where built from
bricks and cement and must have
been very strong because lots of
these buildings are still standing
today. They had a very complex city
structure with one to two floors, to
each building, yet there has been no
evidence that the tribe had doors
separating any of the rooms.
There is a road, which runs through
the city, where carts ran down to
transport goods. These where pulled
by camels, oxen and elephants, which
where also used to travel on.
The Great Bath
The great bath was a special place in the Indus Valley. It was used for baptizing
babies. Like the drains, the bricks were clay to make it waterproof so none of the
water could escape. The only way the water could escape was through a special system
where, if they wanted to, they can let the water out if it got to dirty and then they
could fill it up again. It also has a plug hole which was used for totally emptying out
the bath.
I used to enjoy
playing with these.
Dice
Physical and written evidence of dice and
dominoes have been uncovered by
archaeologists studying the Ancient Indus.
Also they were studying ancient China,
Meso-America, Egypt, Greece and Rome.
An ancient form of Ludo was played as well
as an ancient form of chess, which was
played in the Indus valley. A board,
uncovered in the area of Mohenjo-Daro,
was said to be the oldest chess board
discovered in the world.
Gaming pieces
The oldest gaming pieces in the world, somewhere in the range of
5,000 years old where found in the Indus Valley and Nal Culture,
in the range of 3000 2500 BC. A pair of incised marble gaming
pieces with a distinctive Indus Valley motif incised along the tops
of both pieces were found. The tops of each have been partially
drilled and are 4.5 cm. Along with my other Indus Valley gaming
pieces, these pieces are the oldest in the collection, somewhere in
the range of 4,500 - 5,000 years old.
Seals of the Indus Valley
Dont worry, we dont mean seals as in the animal, but seals as in white fired glazed
steatite with a decoration or writing carved on. The seals are the key which
archaeologists used to realised that the Indus civilization really exists. There was
two seals found in 1924 in two different ancient cities six hundred km apart which
proved the two cities were linked. The seals were used for part of trade and some
seals have their family names carved on.